Sugar-induced signal transduction in plants is a critical process that influences various stages of the plant life cycle, including seed development, germination, and growth. This review summarizes current understanding of sugar sensing and signal transduction mechanisms in plants, highlighting the roles of hexose and sucrose sensing, the SNF1 kinase complex, and regulatory proteins like PRL1. Experimental approaches such as mutant screening, reporter gene assays, and biochemical analyses have been instrumental in elucidating these pathways. Sugar sensing involves distinct mechanisms for hexoses and sucrose, with hexose sensing occurring through hexokinase-dependent and -independent systems. Sucrose sensing is mediated by separate pathways, and the role of sugar signaling in gene expression and metabolic regulation is well-documented. The signal transduction cascade involves protein kinases, phosphatases, calcium ions, and calmodulin, which transmit signals from sugar sensors to downstream cellular responses. The SNF1 kinase complex and its interacting protein PRL1 are key components in this process. PRL1 is involved in regulating the activity of SNF1 kinases, which are crucial for glucose signaling and metabolic regulation. The interaction between PRL1 and SNF1 kinases is influenced by glucose levels, and PRL1 may inhibit the phosphorylation activity of these kinases. Sugar signaling also interacts with other plant signaling pathways, such as those involving ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), and cytokinins. These interactions are essential for coordinating plant growth, development, and stress responses. For example, ABA and GA have opposing effects on seed germination and development, with ABA promoting dormancy and GA promoting germination. The integration of these signaling pathways ensures that plants can adapt to changing environmental conditions. In cereal seed germination, sugar signaling plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of α-amylase genes, which are involved in starch mobilization. The expression of these genes is influenced by both sugars and GA, with sugars often overriding GA signals. Similarly, in leguminous seeds, hexoses and sucrose have specialized roles in different developmental stages, with hexose metabolism associated with meristematic activity and sucrose metabolism associated with starch and protein storage. Overall, sugar signaling in plants is a complex network of interactions that regulate metabolic processes, gene expression, and developmental responses. Understanding these pathways is essential for improving plant growth, yield, and stress tolerance.Sugar-induced signal transduction in plants is a critical process that influences various stages of the plant life cycle, including seed development, germination, and growth. This review summarizes current understanding of sugar sensing and signal transduction mechanisms in plants, highlighting the roles of hexose and sucrose sensing, the SNF1 kinase complex, and regulatory proteins like PRL1. Experimental approaches such as mutant screening, reporter gene assays, and biochemical analyses have been instrumental in elucidating these pathways. Sugar sensing involves distinct mechanisms for hexoses and sucrose, with hexose sensing occurring through hexokinase-dependent and -independent systems. Sucrose sensing is mediated by separate pathways, and the role of sugar signaling in gene expression and metabolic regulation is well-documented. The signal transduction cascade involves protein kinases, phosphatases, calcium ions, and calmodulin, which transmit signals from sugar sensors to downstream cellular responses. The SNF1 kinase complex and its interacting protein PRL1 are key components in this process. PRL1 is involved in regulating the activity of SNF1 kinases, which are crucial for glucose signaling and metabolic regulation. The interaction between PRL1 and SNF1 kinases is influenced by glucose levels, and PRL1 may inhibit the phosphorylation activity of these kinases. Sugar signaling also interacts with other plant signaling pathways, such as those involving ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), and cytokinins. These interactions are essential for coordinating plant growth, development, and stress responses. For example, ABA and GA have opposing effects on seed germination and development, with ABA promoting dormancy and GA promoting germination. The integration of these signaling pathways ensures that plants can adapt to changing environmental conditions. In cereal seed germination, sugar signaling plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of α-amylase genes, which are involved in starch mobilization. The expression of these genes is influenced by both sugars and GA, with sugars often overriding GA signals. Similarly, in leguminous seeds, hexoses and sucrose have specialized roles in different developmental stages, with hexose metabolism associated with meristematic activity and sucrose metabolism associated with starch and protein storage. Overall, sugar signaling in plants is a complex network of interactions that regulate metabolic processes, gene expression, and developmental responses. Understanding these pathways is essential for improving plant growth, yield, and stress tolerance.