This paper reviews the functions of scaffolds and major scaffolding approaches in tissue engineering, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate scaffolds for specific tissues. It discusses the analogous functions of scaffolds and extracellular matrix (ECM) in providing structural support, bioactive cues, and mechanical properties. The paper outlines four primary scaffolding approaches: pre-made porous scaffolds, decellularized ECM, cell sheets with self-secreted ECM, and cell encapsulation in self-assembled hydrogel matrices. Each approach has its advantages and limitations, and the choice depends on the tissue-specific considerations. The intervertebral disc is used as a case study to illustrate the tissue-specific considerations and the challenges in selecting the appropriate scaffolding approach. The paper highlights the need for further research to develop better scaffolds that can maintain the mechanical integrity and cellular activity required for long-term functionality in complex tissues like the intervertebral disc.This paper reviews the functions of scaffolds and major scaffolding approaches in tissue engineering, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate scaffolds for specific tissues. It discusses the analogous functions of scaffolds and extracellular matrix (ECM) in providing structural support, bioactive cues, and mechanical properties. The paper outlines four primary scaffolding approaches: pre-made porous scaffolds, decellularized ECM, cell sheets with self-secreted ECM, and cell encapsulation in self-assembled hydrogel matrices. Each approach has its advantages and limitations, and the choice depends on the tissue-specific considerations. The intervertebral disc is used as a case study to illustrate the tissue-specific considerations and the challenges in selecting the appropriate scaffolding approach. The paper highlights the need for further research to develop better scaffolds that can maintain the mechanical integrity and cellular activity required for long-term functionality in complex tissues like the intervertebral disc.