25 Feb 2024 | A. Ruskuc, C.-J. Wu, E. Green, S. L. N. Hermans, J. Choi, and A. Farao
This paper presents a scalable approach to quantum networking using rare-earth ion qubits in nanophotonic cavities. The authors demonstrate a protocol for generating and distributing entangled states between remote qubits, which is robust against optical frequency fluctuations. The protocol utilizes frequency erasing photon detection in conjunction with adaptive, real-time quantum control to achieve frequency-multiplexed entanglement distribution. Single rare-earth ions are an ideal platform for this protocol due to their long spin coherence, narrow optical inhomogeneous distributions, and long photon lifetimes. The authors use two ¹⁷¹Yb:YVO₄ ions in remote nanophotonic cavities to herald bipartite entanglement and probabilistically teleport quantum states. They extend this protocol to include a third ion and prepare a tripartite W state, which is a useful input for advanced quantum networking applications. The results show that the protocol can overcome universal limitations imposed by non-uniformity and instability in solid-state emitters, while also showcasing single rare-earth ions as a scalable platform for the future quantum internet. The protocol is efficient and enables the realization of frequency-multiplexed multi-qubit nodes which can be robustly entangled. The authors also demonstrate probabilistic quantum state teleportation between the two remote network nodes and the generation of a tripartite W state. The results show that the protocol can achieve high fidelity and rate for entanglement generation and teleportation, with the W state generation rate and fidelity measured to be R = 2.0 Hz and F = 0.592 ± 0.007, respectively. The protocol is scalable and can be applied to a broader range of solid-state emitters with technological advancements in detector timing resolution and fast coherent optical control. The authors also discuss the potential applications of the protocol in quantum networking, including anonymous information exchange and secret voting. The results demonstrate the potential of rare-earth ion qubits in nanophotonic cavities as a platform for remote entanglement distribution in future quantum networks.This paper presents a scalable approach to quantum networking using rare-earth ion qubits in nanophotonic cavities. The authors demonstrate a protocol for generating and distributing entangled states between remote qubits, which is robust against optical frequency fluctuations. The protocol utilizes frequency erasing photon detection in conjunction with adaptive, real-time quantum control to achieve frequency-multiplexed entanglement distribution. Single rare-earth ions are an ideal platform for this protocol due to their long spin coherence, narrow optical inhomogeneous distributions, and long photon lifetimes. The authors use two ¹⁷¹Yb:YVO₄ ions in remote nanophotonic cavities to herald bipartite entanglement and probabilistically teleport quantum states. They extend this protocol to include a third ion and prepare a tripartite W state, which is a useful input for advanced quantum networking applications. The results show that the protocol can overcome universal limitations imposed by non-uniformity and instability in solid-state emitters, while also showcasing single rare-earth ions as a scalable platform for the future quantum internet. The protocol is efficient and enables the realization of frequency-multiplexed multi-qubit nodes which can be robustly entangled. The authors also demonstrate probabilistic quantum state teleportation between the two remote network nodes and the generation of a tripartite W state. The results show that the protocol can achieve high fidelity and rate for entanglement generation and teleportation, with the W state generation rate and fidelity measured to be R = 2.0 Hz and F = 0.592 ± 0.007, respectively. The protocol is scalable and can be applied to a broader range of solid-state emitters with technological advancements in detector timing resolution and fast coherent optical control. The authors also discuss the potential applications of the protocol in quantum networking, including anonymous information exchange and secret voting. The results demonstrate the potential of rare-earth ion qubits in nanophotonic cavities as a platform for remote entanglement distribution in future quantum networks.