The chapter from "The State of U.S. Science & Engineering" discusses the current state of science and engineering (S&E) in the United States, focusing on research and development (R&D) expenditures, publications, patents, and industry output. Key points include: 1. **R&D Expenditures**: The U.S. has consistently high levels of R&D spending, with significant contributions from various sources. 2. **Publications and Patents**: The U.S., East and Southeast Asia, and Europe are the primary regions for S&E research publications, patents, and knowledge- and technology-intensive industries. China has significantly increased its share of global S&T capabilities. 3. **Diversity and Talent**: The U.S. has seen growth in underrepresented groups in the S&E workforce but needs to accelerate efforts to create a more diverse and inclusive workforce by 2030. 4. **Strategic Actions**: The National Science Board emphasizes the importance of access to higher education, international partnerships, and a skilled technical workforce to maintain the U.S. as a global leader in S&E. The chapter also highlights specific data and projections to support these points, including statistics on foreign-born workers with advanced degrees, NAEP scores, and the participation of underrepresented groups in S&E.The chapter from "The State of U.S. Science & Engineering" discusses the current state of science and engineering (S&E) in the United States, focusing on research and development (R&D) expenditures, publications, patents, and industry output. Key points include: 1. **R&D Expenditures**: The U.S. has consistently high levels of R&D spending, with significant contributions from various sources. 2. **Publications and Patents**: The U.S., East and Southeast Asia, and Europe are the primary regions for S&E research publications, patents, and knowledge- and technology-intensive industries. China has significantly increased its share of global S&T capabilities. 3. **Diversity and Talent**: The U.S. has seen growth in underrepresented groups in the S&E workforce but needs to accelerate efforts to create a more diverse and inclusive workforce by 2030. 4. **Strategic Actions**: The National Science Board emphasizes the importance of access to higher education, international partnerships, and a skilled technical workforce to maintain the U.S. as a global leader in S&E. The chapter also highlights specific data and projections to support these points, including statistics on foreign-born workers with advanced degrees, NAEP scores, and the participation of underrepresented groups in S&E.