SCOREKEEPING IN A LANGUAGE GAME

SCOREKEEPING IN A LANGUAGE GAME

1979 | DAVID LEWIS
In a well-run conversation, presuppositions are taken for granted by the participants. These presuppositions can be created or destroyed during the conversation and are governed by rules. Some statements require specific presuppositions to be acceptable; if these are not present, the statements are not acceptable. For example, "The king of France is bald" requires the presupposition that France has one king. The concept of presupposition is not always clear, as some believe it leads to falsehood, others to lack of truth value, or simply to unacceptability. However, it is not easy to say something that is unacceptable due to missing presuppositions, as the missing presupposition may automatically come into existence. This is why saying "All Fred's children are asleep, and Fred has children" is peculiar, as the first part creates the presupposition that Fred has children, making the second part redundant. The rule of accommodation for presupposition states that if a statement requires a presupposition that is not already present, that presupposition comes into existence. This rule is not the only one governing presuppositions but is important in understanding how they evolve during a conversation. In a different context, permissibility refers to the boundary between permissible and impermissible actions in a relationship where one person is under the control of another. The master can shift this boundary by declaring certain actions impermissible or permissible, thereby controlling the slave's actions. If the master declares an action impermissible, the boundary may shift inward, making the action impermissible. Conversely, if the master declares an action permissible, the boundary may shift outward, making the action permissible. This illustrates how control can be exerted through the definition of what is permissible.In a well-run conversation, presuppositions are taken for granted by the participants. These presuppositions can be created or destroyed during the conversation and are governed by rules. Some statements require specific presuppositions to be acceptable; if these are not present, the statements are not acceptable. For example, "The king of France is bald" requires the presupposition that France has one king. The concept of presupposition is not always clear, as some believe it leads to falsehood, others to lack of truth value, or simply to unacceptability. However, it is not easy to say something that is unacceptable due to missing presuppositions, as the missing presupposition may automatically come into existence. This is why saying "All Fred's children are asleep, and Fred has children" is peculiar, as the first part creates the presupposition that Fred has children, making the second part redundant. The rule of accommodation for presupposition states that if a statement requires a presupposition that is not already present, that presupposition comes into existence. This rule is not the only one governing presuppositions but is important in understanding how they evolve during a conversation. In a different context, permissibility refers to the boundary between permissible and impermissible actions in a relationship where one person is under the control of another. The master can shift this boundary by declaring certain actions impermissible or permissible, thereby controlling the slave's actions. If the master declares an action impermissible, the boundary may shift inward, making the action impermissible. Conversely, if the master declares an action permissible, the boundary may shift outward, making the action permissible. This illustrates how control can be exerted through the definition of what is permissible.
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[slides] Scorekeeping in a language game | StudySpace