The article discusses the importance of screening, identifying, and treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) in high-risk populations. CKD affects approximately 14% of American adults and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The US Preventive Services Task Force has not yet issued a screening recommendation, but evidence suggests that screening can prevent progression and is cost-effective. High-risk groups, including those with hypertension, diabetes, and age over 50, should be targeted for screening. CKD is diagnosed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR). Once identified, CKD is staged using the C-G-A classification and managed with lifestyle modifications, interdisciplinary care, and pharmacotherapy, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-II receptor blockers, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. The article also addresses the cost-effectiveness of screening, the role of different comorbidities, and the importance of early referral to nephrologists for high-risk patients.The article discusses the importance of screening, identifying, and treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) in high-risk populations. CKD affects approximately 14% of American adults and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The US Preventive Services Task Force has not yet issued a screening recommendation, but evidence suggests that screening can prevent progression and is cost-effective. High-risk groups, including those with hypertension, diabetes, and age over 50, should be targeted for screening. CKD is diagnosed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR). Once identified, CKD is staged using the C-G-A classification and managed with lifestyle modifications, interdisciplinary care, and pharmacotherapy, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-II receptor blockers, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. The article also addresses the cost-effectiveness of screening, the role of different comorbidities, and the importance of early referral to nephrologists for high-risk patients.