Prostate cancer remains the most common cancer among American men, with a high mortality rate. Despite advances in cancer treatment, the age-adjusted death rate from prostate cancer has not improved significantly since 1949. While dietary and lifestyle factors do not consistently correlate with prostate cancer, higher serum testosterone levels and a familial tendency may play a role. The disease is relatively slow-growing and often asymptomatic, with only 6 to 8 percent of men developing clinically evident prostate cancer in their lifetime. The most widely used screening test, the digital rectal examination, is inexpensive and non-invasive but lacks accuracy. The PSA test, which measures prostate-specific antigen levels, is more accurate but expensive and has high false-positive and false-negative rates. It is useful for monitoring prostate cancer progression and diagnosing metastatic disease but is not recommended as a primary screening tool due to its limitations. The Occupational Medicine Services at NASA Lewis Research Center encourages annual rectal exams for male employees over 40, while professional organizations do not strongly advocate for the PSA test as a screening tool for asymptomatic men.Prostate cancer remains the most common cancer among American men, with a high mortality rate. Despite advances in cancer treatment, the age-adjusted death rate from prostate cancer has not improved significantly since 1949. While dietary and lifestyle factors do not consistently correlate with prostate cancer, higher serum testosterone levels and a familial tendency may play a role. The disease is relatively slow-growing and often asymptomatic, with only 6 to 8 percent of men developing clinically evident prostate cancer in their lifetime. The most widely used screening test, the digital rectal examination, is inexpensive and non-invasive but lacks accuracy. The PSA test, which measures prostate-specific antigen levels, is more accurate but expensive and has high false-positive and false-negative rates. It is useful for monitoring prostate cancer progression and diagnosing metastatic disease but is not recommended as a primary screening tool due to its limitations. The Occupational Medicine Services at NASA Lewis Research Center encourages annual rectal exams for male employees over 40, while professional organizations do not strongly advocate for the PSA test as a screening tool for asymptomatic men.