Church and White estimate global average sea level rise from 1880 to 2009 as 210 mm, with a linear trend of 1.7 ± 0.2 mm year⁻¹ from 1900 to 2009 and 1.9 ± 0.4 mm year⁻¹ since 1961. Satellite altimeter data from 1993–2009 show a rise of 3.2 ± 0.4 mm year⁻¹, while in situ data show 2.8 ± 0.8 mm year⁻¹. There is a statistically significant acceleration in sea level rise since 1880 and 1900, with rates of 0.009 ± 0.003 and 0.009 ± 0.004 mm year⁻², respectively. The reconstruction indicates little net change in sea level from 1990 to 1993, likely due to the 1991 Pinatubo eruption. The satellite altimeter record shows sea level rise near the upper end of IPCC projections. The study highlights the importance of combining satellite and in situ data to improve understanding of sea level rise, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring and data collection. The results show that sea level rise is influenced by climate change, ocean thermal expansion, and ice melt, with significant variability in the rate of rise over the 20th century. The study also notes the impact of volcanic eruptions and terrestrial water storage on sea level changes. The findings underscore the need for ongoing research and improved data collection to better predict future sea level changes.Church and White estimate global average sea level rise from 1880 to 2009 as 210 mm, with a linear trend of 1.7 ± 0.2 mm year⁻¹ from 1900 to 2009 and 1.9 ± 0.4 mm year⁻¹ since 1961. Satellite altimeter data from 1993–2009 show a rise of 3.2 ± 0.4 mm year⁻¹, while in situ data show 2.8 ± 0.8 mm year⁻¹. There is a statistically significant acceleration in sea level rise since 1880 and 1900, with rates of 0.009 ± 0.003 and 0.009 ± 0.004 mm year⁻², respectively. The reconstruction indicates little net change in sea level from 1990 to 1993, likely due to the 1991 Pinatubo eruption. The satellite altimeter record shows sea level rise near the upper end of IPCC projections. The study highlights the importance of combining satellite and in situ data to improve understanding of sea level rise, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring and data collection. The results show that sea level rise is influenced by climate change, ocean thermal expansion, and ice melt, with significant variability in the rate of rise over the 20th century. The study also notes the impact of volcanic eruptions and terrestrial water storage on sea level changes. The findings underscore the need for ongoing research and improved data collection to better predict future sea level changes.