This article reviews recent developments in tests of fundamental physics using atoms and molecules, including parity violation, searches for permanent electric dipole moments, tests of the CPT theorem and Lorentz symmetry, searches for spatiotemporal variation of fundamental constants, tests of quantum electrodynamics, tests of general relativity and the equivalence principle, searches for dark matter, dark energy and extra forces, and tests of the spin-statistics theorem. Key results are presented in the context of potential new physics and in the broader context of similar investigations in other fields. Ongoing and future experiments of the next decade are discussed. The review covers the search for variation of fundamental constants, precision tests of quantum electrodynamics, atomic parity violation, time-reversal violation, tests of the CPT theorem, laboratory searches for exotic spin-dependent interactions, searches for exotic spin-independent interactions, searches for light dark matter, general relativity and gravitation, Lorentz symmetry tests, and searches for violations of quantum statistics. The article discusses the importance of precision measurements in testing the Standard Model and searching for new physics beyond it. It highlights the role of atomic and molecular physics in probing fundamental constants, such as the fine-structure constant and the proton-electron mass ratio, and their potential variations over time and space. The review also addresses the implications of these searches for understanding dark matter, dark energy, and the nature of fundamental interactions. The article emphasizes the need for continued research in this area to address outstanding questions in physics and to explore the limits of our current understanding of the universe.This article reviews recent developments in tests of fundamental physics using atoms and molecules, including parity violation, searches for permanent electric dipole moments, tests of the CPT theorem and Lorentz symmetry, searches for spatiotemporal variation of fundamental constants, tests of quantum electrodynamics, tests of general relativity and the equivalence principle, searches for dark matter, dark energy and extra forces, and tests of the spin-statistics theorem. Key results are presented in the context of potential new physics and in the broader context of similar investigations in other fields. Ongoing and future experiments of the next decade are discussed. The review covers the search for variation of fundamental constants, precision tests of quantum electrodynamics, atomic parity violation, time-reversal violation, tests of the CPT theorem, laboratory searches for exotic spin-dependent interactions, searches for exotic spin-independent interactions, searches for light dark matter, general relativity and gravitation, Lorentz symmetry tests, and searches for violations of quantum statistics. The article discusses the importance of precision measurements in testing the Standard Model and searching for new physics beyond it. It highlights the role of atomic and molecular physics in probing fundamental constants, such as the fine-structure constant and the proton-electron mass ratio, and their potential variations over time and space. The review also addresses the implications of these searches for understanding dark matter, dark energy, and the nature of fundamental interactions. The article emphasizes the need for continued research in this area to address outstanding questions in physics and to explore the limits of our current understanding of the universe.