Secure Direct Communication with a Quantum One-Time-Pad

Secure Direct Communication with a Quantum One-Time-Pad

February 1, 2008 | Fu-Guo Deng and Gui Lu Long
The paper proposes a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol using single photons in batches, which serves as a one-time-pad for encoding secret messages. The protocol consists of two phases: the secure doves sending phase and the message coding and doves returning phase. In the first phase, Bob prepares a batch of single photons in one of four polarization states and sends them to Alice. Alice checks for eavesdropping by randomly sampling a subset of photons and measuring them using one of two basis states. The remaining photons form the B-batch, which is used for message encoding. In the second phase, Alice encodes each photon in the B-batch using one of two unitary operations based on the secret message. Bob then reads out the secret messages directly. The protocol is unconditionally secure, similar to the BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, and can be implemented with current technology. The security of the protocol is analyzed by reducing it to the BB84 QKD protocol, ensuring that the quantum channel is secure before message encoding. The paper also discusses the implementation details and compares the proposed protocol with other QSDC schemes, highlighting its practicality and security advantages.The paper proposes a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol using single photons in batches, which serves as a one-time-pad for encoding secret messages. The protocol consists of two phases: the secure doves sending phase and the message coding and doves returning phase. In the first phase, Bob prepares a batch of single photons in one of four polarization states and sends them to Alice. Alice checks for eavesdropping by randomly sampling a subset of photons and measuring them using one of two basis states. The remaining photons form the B-batch, which is used for message encoding. In the second phase, Alice encodes each photon in the B-batch using one of two unitary operations based on the secret message. Bob then reads out the secret messages directly. The protocol is unconditionally secure, similar to the BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, and can be implemented with current technology. The security of the protocol is analyzed by reducing it to the BB84 QKD protocol, ensuring that the quantum channel is secure before message encoding. The paper also discusses the implementation details and compares the proposed protocol with other QSDC schemes, highlighting its practicality and security advantages.
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