The article provides an overview of seed storage proteins in major crop plants, focusing on their structures, biosynthesis, and biological roles. Seed storage proteins are crucial for providing amino acids during germination and seedling growth, and they vary significantly in composition and function across different plant species. The article highlights the common properties of these proteins, such as their high-level synthesis in specific tissues and stages of development, their presence in discrete deposits called protein bodies, and their polymorphism. It also discusses the classification of seed storage proteins into groups like albumins, globulins, and prolamins, and their evolutionary relationships. The detailed structures and biosynthesis of these proteins, including folding, assembly, transport, and deposition, are explored, with a focus on the role of specific proteins like molecular chaperones and proteases. The article concludes by discussing future directions in research, emphasizing the potential for genetic engineering to improve crop nutritional and processing properties.The article provides an overview of seed storage proteins in major crop plants, focusing on their structures, biosynthesis, and biological roles. Seed storage proteins are crucial for providing amino acids during germination and seedling growth, and they vary significantly in composition and function across different plant species. The article highlights the common properties of these proteins, such as their high-level synthesis in specific tissues and stages of development, their presence in discrete deposits called protein bodies, and their polymorphism. It also discusses the classification of seed storage proteins into groups like albumins, globulins, and prolamins, and their evolutionary relationships. The detailed structures and biosynthesis of these proteins, including folding, assembly, transport, and deposition, are explored, with a focus on the role of specific proteins like molecular chaperones and proteases. The article concludes by discussing future directions in research, emphasizing the potential for genetic engineering to improve crop nutritional and processing properties.