This review essay by Philip Schlesinger discusses the significance of Antonio Gramsci's Prison Notebooks in contemporary political culture and cultural politics. Edited and translated by Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith, the notebooks reflect a period of Western Marxism emerging from post-Stalinist critiques and reformist currents within Communist Parties. Gramsci, a former Italian Communist Party leader, wrote the notebooks while imprisoned under Mussolini, producing a body of work that has had a lasting impact on sociology, media, and cultural studies. The editors have organized the selections into three sections: "problems of history and culture," "notes on politics," and "philosophy of praxis." Schlesinger highlights Gramsci's concepts of "organic intellectuals," the "war of position," and the importance of hegemony in shaping civil society and political power. He also notes the influence of Gramscian thought on political parties and ideologies, from Thatcherism to New Labour, and suggests that the current economic crisis may provide an opportunity for new forces to challenge neoliberal hegemony through neo-Gramscian analysis.This review essay by Philip Schlesinger discusses the significance of Antonio Gramsci's Prison Notebooks in contemporary political culture and cultural politics. Edited and translated by Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell Smith, the notebooks reflect a period of Western Marxism emerging from post-Stalinist critiques and reformist currents within Communist Parties. Gramsci, a former Italian Communist Party leader, wrote the notebooks while imprisoned under Mussolini, producing a body of work that has had a lasting impact on sociology, media, and cultural studies. The editors have organized the selections into three sections: "problems of history and culture," "notes on politics," and "philosophy of praxis." Schlesinger highlights Gramsci's concepts of "organic intellectuals," the "war of position," and the importance of hegemony in shaping civil society and political power. He also notes the influence of Gramscian thought on political parties and ideologies, from Thatcherism to New Labour, and suggests that the current economic crisis may provide an opportunity for new forces to challenge neoliberal hegemony through neo-Gramscian analysis.