Aging is a major risk factor for numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Senescence, a cellular process that leads to growth arrest and a proinflammatory secretome, plays a dual role in aging. While it helps maintain tissue homeostasis and suppress tumor progression, it also contributes to age-related diseases. Recent studies show that eliminating senescent cells can extend lifespan and improve healthspan. Senescence is linked to aging through various mechanisms, including telomere damage, metabolic dysfunction, and inflammatory responses. The SASP, a complex secretory profile of senescent cells, contributes to chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction. Targeting senescence through senolytic drugs or genetic approaches has shown promise in reducing age-related pathologies. However, challenges remain in safely eliminating senescent cells without adverse effects. Understanding the molecular pathways of senescence and its regulation is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies to combat aging and age-related diseases.Aging is a major risk factor for numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Senescence, a cellular process that leads to growth arrest and a proinflammatory secretome, plays a dual role in aging. While it helps maintain tissue homeostasis and suppress tumor progression, it also contributes to age-related diseases. Recent studies show that eliminating senescent cells can extend lifespan and improve healthspan. Senescence is linked to aging through various mechanisms, including telomere damage, metabolic dysfunction, and inflammatory responses. The SASP, a complex secretory profile of senescent cells, contributes to chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction. Targeting senescence through senolytic drugs or genetic approaches has shown promise in reducing age-related pathologies. However, challenges remain in safely eliminating senescent cells without adverse effects. Understanding the molecular pathways of senescence and its regulation is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies to combat aging and age-related diseases.