The article discusses the emerging role of cellular senescence in aging and age-related diseases, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Cellular senescence, a state of permanent cell cycle arrest induced by cellular stress, has been linked to various age-related conditions such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and osteoarthritis. Therapeutic strategies that aim to eliminate senescent cells (SNCs) or disrupt their secreted factors, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), are gaining attention. The selective elimination of SNCs, known as senolysis, has shown promising results in animal models, extending healthspan and lifespan while ameliorating age-related diseases. However, challenges remain, including the need to target SNCs without affecting beneficial cellular functions, the development of safe and effective senolytic agents, and the identification of biomarkers for patient selection. The article also reviews case studies on atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis, demonstrating the causal role of SNCs in these diseases and the potential for senotherapy to address them. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding and therapeutic potential of targeting SNCs in aging and age-related diseases.The article discusses the emerging role of cellular senescence in aging and age-related diseases, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Cellular senescence, a state of permanent cell cycle arrest induced by cellular stress, has been linked to various age-related conditions such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and osteoarthritis. Therapeutic strategies that aim to eliminate senescent cells (SNCs) or disrupt their secreted factors, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), are gaining attention. The selective elimination of SNCs, known as senolysis, has shown promising results in animal models, extending healthspan and lifespan while ameliorating age-related diseases. However, challenges remain, including the need to target SNCs without affecting beneficial cellular functions, the development of safe and effective senolytic agents, and the identification of biomarkers for patient selection. The article also reviews case studies on atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis, demonstrating the causal role of SNCs in these diseases and the potential for senotherapy to address them. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding and therapeutic potential of targeting SNCs in aging and age-related diseases.