The article reviews the sensitivity and responses of chloroplasts to salt stress in plants. Chloroplasts, which are crucial for photosynthesis and other metabolic processes, are highly sensitive to salt stress. Salt stress affects chloroplast structure and function, including changes in size, shape, and the accumulation of starch granules and plastoglobules. Photosynthesis is significantly impacted, with reduced CO₂ fixation and photoreaction processes due to stomatal closure and changes in enzyme activities. Ion homeostasis is disrupted, leading to increased Na⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations and decreased K⁺ levels inside chloroplasts. ROS accumulation increases, causing oxidative stress. Chloroplasts have evolved mechanisms to protect themselves, such as the xanthophyll cycle, photorepiration, and ascorbate metabolism. Ion transporters and organic osmolytes like glycine betaine and proline help maintain ion homeostasis and osmotic adjustment. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic scavenging systems, including the water-water cycle and AsA-GSH cycle, help manage ROS levels. The review highlights the importance of understanding chloroplast responses to salt stress for improving crop yield and developing salt-tolerant cultivars.The article reviews the sensitivity and responses of chloroplasts to salt stress in plants. Chloroplasts, which are crucial for photosynthesis and other metabolic processes, are highly sensitive to salt stress. Salt stress affects chloroplast structure and function, including changes in size, shape, and the accumulation of starch granules and plastoglobules. Photosynthesis is significantly impacted, with reduced CO₂ fixation and photoreaction processes due to stomatal closure and changes in enzyme activities. Ion homeostasis is disrupted, leading to increased Na⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations and decreased K⁺ levels inside chloroplasts. ROS accumulation increases, causing oxidative stress. Chloroplasts have evolved mechanisms to protect themselves, such as the xanthophyll cycle, photorepiration, and ascorbate metabolism. Ion transporters and organic osmolytes like glycine betaine and proline help maintain ion homeostasis and osmotic adjustment. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic scavenging systems, including the water-water cycle and AsA-GSH cycle, help manage ROS levels. The review highlights the importance of understanding chloroplast responses to salt stress for improving crop yield and developing salt-tolerant cultivars.