The paper "Sensor Networks: Evolution, Opportunities, and Challenges" by Chee-Yee Chong and Srikanta P. Kumar traces the development of sensor networks over the past three decades, highlighting key research programs such as the Distributed Sensor Networks (DSN) and Sensor Information Technology (SensIT) initiatives by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The authors review technology trends and present new applications in infrastructure security, habitat monitoring, and traffic control. They discuss technical challenges in network discovery, control and routing, collaborative signal and information processing, tasking and querying, and security. The paper concludes with recent research results, including localized algorithms, directed diffusion, distributed tracking in wireless ad hoc networks, and distributed classification using mobile agents. The authors emphasize the transformative potential of wireless sensor networks in various fields, from environmental monitoring to industrial sensing and military applications, driven by advancements in MEMS technology, wireless communication, and low-cost manufacturing.The paper "Sensor Networks: Evolution, Opportunities, and Challenges" by Chee-Yee Chong and Srikanta P. Kumar traces the development of sensor networks over the past three decades, highlighting key research programs such as the Distributed Sensor Networks (DSN) and Sensor Information Technology (SensIT) initiatives by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The authors review technology trends and present new applications in infrastructure security, habitat monitoring, and traffic control. They discuss technical challenges in network discovery, control and routing, collaborative signal and information processing, tasking and querying, and security. The paper concludes with recent research results, including localized algorithms, directed diffusion, distributed tracking in wireless ad hoc networks, and distributed classification using mobile agents. The authors emphasize the transformative potential of wireless sensor networks in various fields, from environmental monitoring to industrial sensing and military applications, driven by advancements in MEMS technology, wireless communication, and low-cost manufacturing.