Sensorimotor synchronization (SMS) involves coordinating rhythmic movements with an external rhythm, such as tapping to a metronome or musical performance. This review, published in 2013, updates earlier studies (Repp, 2005; Repp, 2006a, b) by examining recent research in SMS, covering four areas: conventional tapping studies, other forms of movement in synchrony with external rhythms, interpersonal synchronization, and the neuroscience of SMS. The review highlights that SMS research has advanced significantly in the past seven years. SMS is defined as the coordination of rhythmic movement with an external rhythm. The review discusses various aspects of SMS, including asynchronies (synchronization errors), their variability, and the negative mean asynchrony (NMA). NMA is a common finding in tapping studies with simple metronomes, often attributed to anticipation rather than reaction. However, the exact mechanisms behind NMA remain unclear. The review also explores how SMS ability develops over time, with children showing less synchronization than adults, and how musical training affects synchronization. Musicians generally show lower variability in tapping compared to non-musicians. Additionally, individuals with motor disorders or certain neurological conditions may exhibit impaired SMS performance. The review discusses the role of phase correction and period correction in SMS, with phase correction being an automatic process and period correction being more intentional. Modeling and parameter estimation in SMS have been explored, with various models proposed to explain SMS behavior. The review also addresses the impact of perturbations on SMS, showing that phase correction responses (PCRs) can be influenced by the magnitude and timing of these perturbations. The review further examines the movement trajectory of synchronized tapping, distinguishing between "legato" and "staccato" tapping styles. It also discusses the effects of different types of feedback and the role of auditory and visual cues in SMS. Overall, the review emphasizes the complexity of SMS and the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms, including the role of the cerebellum and other neural systems in coordinating rhythmic movements.Sensorimotor synchronization (SMS) involves coordinating rhythmic movements with an external rhythm, such as tapping to a metronome or musical performance. This review, published in 2013, updates earlier studies (Repp, 2005; Repp, 2006a, b) by examining recent research in SMS, covering four areas: conventional tapping studies, other forms of movement in synchrony with external rhythms, interpersonal synchronization, and the neuroscience of SMS. The review highlights that SMS research has advanced significantly in the past seven years. SMS is defined as the coordination of rhythmic movement with an external rhythm. The review discusses various aspects of SMS, including asynchronies (synchronization errors), their variability, and the negative mean asynchrony (NMA). NMA is a common finding in tapping studies with simple metronomes, often attributed to anticipation rather than reaction. However, the exact mechanisms behind NMA remain unclear. The review also explores how SMS ability develops over time, with children showing less synchronization than adults, and how musical training affects synchronization. Musicians generally show lower variability in tapping compared to non-musicians. Additionally, individuals with motor disorders or certain neurological conditions may exhibit impaired SMS performance. The review discusses the role of phase correction and period correction in SMS, with phase correction being an automatic process and period correction being more intentional. Modeling and parameter estimation in SMS have been explored, with various models proposed to explain SMS behavior. The review also addresses the impact of perturbations on SMS, showing that phase correction responses (PCRs) can be influenced by the magnitude and timing of these perturbations. The review further examines the movement trajectory of synchronized tapping, distinguishing between "legato" and "staccato" tapping styles. It also discusses the effects of different types of feedback and the role of auditory and visual cues in SMS. Overall, the review emphasizes the complexity of SMS and the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms, including the role of the cerebellum and other neural systems in coordinating rhythmic movements.