This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the incidence and characteristics of serious complications associated with regional anesthesia in France. A survey was conducted among 4,927 French anesthesiologists, with 736 participating and reporting 105,730 regional anesthetics. The study identified 98 severe complications, including 32 cardiac arrests (7 fatal) and 34 neurological complications. Cardiac arrests were significantly more frequent during spinal anesthesia (6.4 per 10,000 patients) compared to other regional procedures (1.0 per 10,000 patients). Neurological complications were also more common after spinal anesthesia (6.4 per 10,000 cases) than after other techniques combined (1.6 per 10,000 cases). The study concluded that while serious complications related to regional anesthesia are rare, spinal anesthesia had a higher incidence of cardiac arrest and neurological injury compared to other regional procedures.This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the incidence and characteristics of serious complications associated with regional anesthesia in France. A survey was conducted among 4,927 French anesthesiologists, with 736 participating and reporting 105,730 regional anesthetics. The study identified 98 severe complications, including 32 cardiac arrests (7 fatal) and 34 neurological complications. Cardiac arrests were significantly more frequent during spinal anesthesia (6.4 per 10,000 patients) compared to other regional procedures (1.0 per 10,000 patients). Neurological complications were also more common after spinal anesthesia (6.4 per 10,000 cases) than after other techniques combined (1.6 per 10,000 cases). The study concluded that while serious complications related to regional anesthesia are rare, spinal anesthesia had a higher incidence of cardiac arrest and neurological injury compared to other regional procedures.