Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) have been cultivated for thousands of years and are celebrated for their culinary versatility and nutritional benefits. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the health benefits of sesame seeds, highlighting their rich content of phytochemicals such as lignans, tocopherols, phytosterols, and phytates. These compounds are associated with various health benefits, including cardiovascular health preservation, cancer prevention, neurodegenerative disorder prevention, and brain dysfunction mitigation. The article also discusses the positive impact of sesame seeds on reducing the risk of chronic diseases due to their high polyunsaturated fatty acid content. However, it emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balanced diet to achieve the proper ratio of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which sesame seed oil lacks. The review further explores the potential of bioactive polypeptides derived from sesame seeds as nutritional supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional ingredients. Additionally, the article discusses how processing methods can influence the bioactive compounds in sesame seeds, with roasting enhancing antioxidant properties but potentially reducing phenolic compounds. Overall, sesame seeds are recognized as a nutrient-rich superfood with significant health benefits.Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) have been cultivated for thousands of years and are celebrated for their culinary versatility and nutritional benefits. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the health benefits of sesame seeds, highlighting their rich content of phytochemicals such as lignans, tocopherols, phytosterols, and phytates. These compounds are associated with various health benefits, including cardiovascular health preservation, cancer prevention, neurodegenerative disorder prevention, and brain dysfunction mitigation. The article also discusses the positive impact of sesame seeds on reducing the risk of chronic diseases due to their high polyunsaturated fatty acid content. However, it emphasizes the importance of maintaining a balanced diet to achieve the proper ratio of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which sesame seed oil lacks. The review further explores the potential of bioactive polypeptides derived from sesame seeds as nutritional supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional ingredients. Additionally, the article discusses how processing methods can influence the bioactive compounds in sesame seeds, with roasting enhancing antioxidant properties but potentially reducing phenolic compounds. Overall, sesame seeds are recognized as a nutrient-rich superfood with significant health benefits.