The article by Suresh I. S. Rattan, titled "Seven Knowledge Gaps in Modern Biogerontology," identifies and discusses seven key areas of knowledge that need further exploration in the field of aging research. These gaps are categorized into three main areas: evolutionary aspects of longevity, biological survival and death aspects, and heterogeneity in the progression and phenotype of aging. The author highlights the limitations in understanding the nature of longevity assurance genes, the imperfections that limit optimal functionality, and the regulation of biological time. Additionally, the article addresses the heterogeneity of the aging phenotype, the challenges in differentiating adaptive from harmful age-related changes, and the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular and systemic aspects of aging. The implications of these knowledge gaps for developing effective interventions in aging and longevity are also discussed, emphasizing the importance of addressing these gaps to advance biogerontological research and improve human health and longevity.The article by Suresh I. S. Rattan, titled "Seven Knowledge Gaps in Modern Biogerontology," identifies and discusses seven key areas of knowledge that need further exploration in the field of aging research. These gaps are categorized into three main areas: evolutionary aspects of longevity, biological survival and death aspects, and heterogeneity in the progression and phenotype of aging. The author highlights the limitations in understanding the nature of longevity assurance genes, the imperfections that limit optimal functionality, and the regulation of biological time. Additionally, the article addresses the heterogeneity of the aging phenotype, the challenges in differentiating adaptive from harmful age-related changes, and the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular and systemic aspects of aging. The implications of these knowledge gaps for developing effective interventions in aging and longevity are also discussed, emphasizing the importance of addressing these gaps to advance biogerontological research and improve human health and longevity.