The article by Jeffrey S. Mogil explores the phenomenon of sex differences in pain sensitivity and pain inhibition, a topic that has been controversial. Despite the overwhelming evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies that women are more sensitive to pain than men, the underlying reasons for this bias remain debated. Mogil discusses various explanations, including experiential, sociocultural, and biological factors such as hormonal and genetic differences. He highlights the importance of addressing these differences in research and clinical practice, as ignoring them can lead to overgeneralization or missing important biological phenomena. The article also reviews the complex interplay between sex differences in pain and analgesic responsiveness, emphasizing the need to understand both quantitative and qualitative differences. Mogil concludes by calling for a more comprehensive approach to studying sex differences in pain to advance our understanding and treatment of chronic pain.The article by Jeffrey S. Mogil explores the phenomenon of sex differences in pain sensitivity and pain inhibition, a topic that has been controversial. Despite the overwhelming evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies that women are more sensitive to pain than men, the underlying reasons for this bias remain debated. Mogil discusses various explanations, including experiential, sociocultural, and biological factors such as hormonal and genetic differences. He highlights the importance of addressing these differences in research and clinical practice, as ignoring them can lead to overgeneralization or missing important biological phenomena. The article also reviews the complex interplay between sex differences in pain and analgesic responsiveness, emphasizing the need to understand both quantitative and qualitative differences. Mogil concludes by calling for a more comprehensive approach to studying sex differences in pain to advance our understanding and treatment of chronic pain.