Shifting the ISAC Trade-Off with Fluid Antenna Systems

Shifting the ISAC Trade-Off with Fluid Antenna Systems

9 May 2024 | Jiaqi Zou, Graduate Student Member, IEEE, Hao Xu, Member, IEEE, Chao Wang, Senior Member, IEEE, Lvxin Xu, Songlin Sun, Senior Member, IEEE, Kaitao Meng, Member, IEEE, Christos Masouros, Fellow, IEEE, and Kai-Kit Wong, Fellow, IEEE
This paper explores the potential of fluid antenna systems (FAS) in enhancing the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) trade-off. FAS, an emerging antenna technology, improves spatial diversity by shifting active antennas among available ports, thereby enhancing both sensing and communication performance. The authors propose a model for FAS-enabled ISAC and develop an iterative optimization algorithm to jointly optimize transmit beamforming and port selection, aiming to minimize transmit power while satisfying communication and sensing requirements. The algorithm leverages sparse optimization, convex approximation, and a penalty approach to transform the non-convex problem into a sequence of convex optimization problems. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve a 33% reduction in transmit power with guaranteed sensing and communication performance, highlighting the significant potential of FAS in balancing the ISAC trade-off.This paper explores the potential of fluid antenna systems (FAS) in enhancing the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) trade-off. FAS, an emerging antenna technology, improves spatial diversity by shifting active antennas among available ports, thereby enhancing both sensing and communication performance. The authors propose a model for FAS-enabled ISAC and develop an iterative optimization algorithm to jointly optimize transmit beamforming and port selection, aiming to minimize transmit power while satisfying communication and sensing requirements. The algorithm leverages sparse optimization, convex approximation, and a penalty approach to transform the non-convex problem into a sequence of convex optimization problems. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve a 33% reduction in transmit power with guaranteed sensing and communication performance, highlighting the significant potential of FAS in balancing the ISAC trade-off.
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