Shoal++: High Throughput DAG BFT Can Be Fast! This paper introduces Shoal++, a novel partially synchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus protocol that aims to balance latency and throughput in DAG-based BFT systems. Traditional BFT protocols like PBFT optimize for low latency but suffer from scalability issues due to their reliance on a single leader. In contrast, DAG-BFT protocols achieve high scalability by separating data dissemination from consensus, but they often come at the cost of increased latency. Shoal++ reduces the average commit latency to 4.5 message exchanges, significantly improving upon the 10.5 message exchanges required by existing DAG-BFT protocols. The key contributions of Shoal++ include: 1. **Faster Anchor Commitment**: By optimizing the Bullshark commit rule, Shoal++ reduces the latency of committing an anchor to 4 message exchanges. 2. **More Anchors**: Shoal++ dynamically attempts to make every node an anchor, eliminating anchoring latency and increasing the frequency of anchor candidates. 3. **Multiple DAGs**: Shoal++ operates multiple staggered DAGs in parallel, reducing queuing latency and improving throughput. Empirical evaluations show that Shoal++ achieves throughput comparable to state-of-the-art DAG BFT solutions while reducing latency by up to 60%. The paper also discusses the practical implementation considerations and the benefits of Shoal++ in real-world applications.Shoal++: High Throughput DAG BFT Can Be Fast! This paper introduces Shoal++, a novel partially synchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus protocol that aims to balance latency and throughput in DAG-based BFT systems. Traditional BFT protocols like PBFT optimize for low latency but suffer from scalability issues due to their reliance on a single leader. In contrast, DAG-BFT protocols achieve high scalability by separating data dissemination from consensus, but they often come at the cost of increased latency. Shoal++ reduces the average commit latency to 4.5 message exchanges, significantly improving upon the 10.5 message exchanges required by existing DAG-BFT protocols. The key contributions of Shoal++ include: 1. **Faster Anchor Commitment**: By optimizing the Bullshark commit rule, Shoal++ reduces the latency of committing an anchor to 4 message exchanges. 2. **More Anchors**: Shoal++ dynamically attempts to make every node an anchor, eliminating anchoring latency and increasing the frequency of anchor candidates. 3. **Multiple DAGs**: Shoal++ operates multiple staggered DAGs in parallel, reducing queuing latency and improving throughput. Empirical evaluations show that Shoal++ achieves throughput comparable to state-of-the-art DAG BFT solutions while reducing latency by up to 60%. The paper also discusses the practical implementation considerations and the benefits of Shoal++ in real-world applications.