This study evaluates the short-term and long-term effects of PM10 exposure on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Andimeshk City, Iran, using the AirQ+ model. The research analyzed PM10 concentrations over 2022–2023, revealing extreme variability, with the highest concentration on November 6 (5634.61 μg/m³) and the lowest on January 9 (14.19 μg/m³). Only 8 days in the year met the standard PM10 concentration. The study found that PM10 levels were significantly higher during certain months, particularly in November and December. The main sources of PM10 in the region are the neighboring countries of Iraq and Saudi Arabia, which have dry areas and frequent dust storms. The AirQ+ model showed that short-term exposure to PM10 was responsible for 39.31% of CVD-related deaths, while long-term exposure accounted for 5.66%. The study highlights the need for measures to reduce PM10 exposure, such as using personal protective equipment and limiting outdoor activities on dusty days. The results emphasize the significant health and economic impacts of air pollution in the region, with PM10 being a major contributor to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The study also notes the importance of addressing dust storms and improving air quality to reduce health risks and economic losses. The research underscores the need for pollution mitigation strategies to protect public health and reduce the financial burden of air pollution.This study evaluates the short-term and long-term effects of PM10 exposure on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Andimeshk City, Iran, using the AirQ+ model. The research analyzed PM10 concentrations over 2022–2023, revealing extreme variability, with the highest concentration on November 6 (5634.61 μg/m³) and the lowest on January 9 (14.19 μg/m³). Only 8 days in the year met the standard PM10 concentration. The study found that PM10 levels were significantly higher during certain months, particularly in November and December. The main sources of PM10 in the region are the neighboring countries of Iraq and Saudi Arabia, which have dry areas and frequent dust storms. The AirQ+ model showed that short-term exposure to PM10 was responsible for 39.31% of CVD-related deaths, while long-term exposure accounted for 5.66%. The study highlights the need for measures to reduce PM10 exposure, such as using personal protective equipment and limiting outdoor activities on dusty days. The results emphasize the significant health and economic impacts of air pollution in the region, with PM10 being a major contributor to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The study also notes the importance of addressing dust storms and improving air quality to reduce health risks and economic losses. The research underscores the need for pollution mitigation strategies to protect public health and reduce the financial burden of air pollution.