Sleep disruption has significant short- and long-term health consequences across all age groups. Short-term effects include increased stress responsivity, somatic problems, reduced quality of life, emotional distress, mood disorders, cognitive and memory deficits, and behavioral issues. In adolescents, sleep disruption negatively affects psychosocial health, school performance, and risk-taking behaviors. In children, it is associated with behavioral problems and cognitive dysfunction. Long-term effects include hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, weight-related issues, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and an increased risk of certain cancers and mortality, particularly in men. Sleep disruption also worsens symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders in those with underlying medical conditions. Sleep disruption is linked to increased sympathetic nervous system activity, metabolic effects, circadian rhythm changes, and proinflammatory responses. It is associated with increased stress hormones, reduced insulin sensitivity, and altered glucose metabolism. These factors contribute to the development of chronic diseases. Sleep disruption also affects immune function, increasing the risk of inflammatory conditions. In adults, sleep disruption is linked to increased stress, depression, anxiety, and cognitive deficits. In adolescents, it is associated with poor academic performance and increased risk-taking behaviors. In children, it is linked to behavioral and cognitive issues. Sleep disruption in individuals with underlying medical conditions can reduce health-related quality of life and worsen symptoms of common gastrointestinal disorders. Healthcare professionals should manage underlying medical conditions to optimize sleep continuity and consider interventions that minimize sleep disruption. Sleep disruption is a significant public health issue with wide-ranging effects on physical and mental health. The physiological consequences of sleep disruption may be as damaging as those of short sleep duration. Effective management of sleep disruption is crucial for improving health outcomes.Sleep disruption has significant short- and long-term health consequences across all age groups. Short-term effects include increased stress responsivity, somatic problems, reduced quality of life, emotional distress, mood disorders, cognitive and memory deficits, and behavioral issues. In adolescents, sleep disruption negatively affects psychosocial health, school performance, and risk-taking behaviors. In children, it is associated with behavioral problems and cognitive dysfunction. Long-term effects include hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, weight-related issues, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and an increased risk of certain cancers and mortality, particularly in men. Sleep disruption also worsens symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders in those with underlying medical conditions. Sleep disruption is linked to increased sympathetic nervous system activity, metabolic effects, circadian rhythm changes, and proinflammatory responses. It is associated with increased stress hormones, reduced insulin sensitivity, and altered glucose metabolism. These factors contribute to the development of chronic diseases. Sleep disruption also affects immune function, increasing the risk of inflammatory conditions. In adults, sleep disruption is linked to increased stress, depression, anxiety, and cognitive deficits. In adolescents, it is associated with poor academic performance and increased risk-taking behaviors. In children, it is linked to behavioral and cognitive issues. Sleep disruption in individuals with underlying medical conditions can reduce health-related quality of life and worsen symptoms of common gastrointestinal disorders. Healthcare professionals should manage underlying medical conditions to optimize sleep continuity and consider interventions that minimize sleep disruption. Sleep disruption is a significant public health issue with wide-ranging effects on physical and mental health. The physiological consequences of sleep disruption may be as damaging as those of short sleep duration. Effective management of sleep disruption is crucial for improving health outcomes.