The article reviews the complex and context-dependent cross-talk between the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway and other signaling pathways, including the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, and cytokine pathways. This cross-talk is essential for the proper functioning of the TGF-β/BMP pathway and plays a crucial role in various cellular processes and diseases. The interactions between TGF-β/BMP and these pathways can be synergistic or antagonistic, leading to diverse biological outcomes. The mechanisms of cross-talk involve physical interactions, enzymatic or transcriptional regulation, and modulation of key modulators or mediators. The article highlights the importance of understanding these interactions to comprehend the complexity and flexibility of TGF-β/BMP functions in different contexts.The article reviews the complex and context-dependent cross-talk between the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway and other signaling pathways, including the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, and cytokine pathways. This cross-talk is essential for the proper functioning of the TGF-β/BMP pathway and plays a crucial role in various cellular processes and diseases. The interactions between TGF-β/BMP and these pathways can be synergistic or antagonistic, leading to diverse biological outcomes. The mechanisms of cross-talk involve physical interactions, enzymatic or transcriptional regulation, and modulation of key modulators or mediators. The article highlights the importance of understanding these interactions to comprehend the complexity and flexibility of TGF-β/BMP functions in different contexts.