The article "Silk Fibroin Materials: Biomedical Applications and Perspectives" by Giuseppe De Giorgio et al. reviews the potential of silk fibroin (SF) as a biomaterial in regenerative medicine. SF, derived from silkworms, has gained attention due to its enhanced bio/cytocompatibility, chemical stability, and mechanical properties. The review covers the biological nature and structural features of SF, its production techniques, and the versatility of SF-based materials in various applications. Key points include: 1. **Introduction**: The healthcare system faces pressure due to the demand for tissue substitutes, leading to the exploration of synthetic scaffolds that mimic native tissue. 2. **Composition and Structure of Silk Fibroin**: SF is composed of approximately 70-80% fibroin and 20-30% sericin. The primary structure of fibroin is characterized by repetitive patterns and non-repetitive regions, which influence its mechanical properties. 3. **Silk Fibroin Processing**: Degumming is the first step in SF preparation, followed by dissolution into an aqueous solution. Different techniques are used to control the structural integrity of fibroin during degumming and dissolution. 4. **Aqueous Silk Fibroin Regeneration**: Methods to convert amorphous SF solutions into different conformational states (Silk I and Silk II) are discussed, including temperature-controlled water vapor annealing and freezing-induced crystallization. 5. **Silk Fibroin-Based Materials**: Various materials such as films, fibers, hydrogels, 3D porous scaffolds, non-woven scaffolds, particles, and composites are described, highlighting their applications in tissue engineering. 6. **Biocompatibility**: SF-based materials are generally biocompatible, with some rare cases of delayed hypersensitivity or immunological responses. Studies have shown that SF scaffolds can remain inside tissues without inducing inflammatory responses. 7. **Applications in Tissue Regeneration**: SF-based materials are used in bone, cartilage, cardiovascular, neural, skin, and pancreatic tissue regeneration. They are combined with other compounds to enhance cell attachment, biostability, immunomodulation, and antimicrobial activity. The review emphasizes the potential of SF-based materials in regenerative medicine due to their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and versatility in creating innovative medical devices.The article "Silk Fibroin Materials: Biomedical Applications and Perspectives" by Giuseppe De Giorgio et al. reviews the potential of silk fibroin (SF) as a biomaterial in regenerative medicine. SF, derived from silkworms, has gained attention due to its enhanced bio/cytocompatibility, chemical stability, and mechanical properties. The review covers the biological nature and structural features of SF, its production techniques, and the versatility of SF-based materials in various applications. Key points include: 1. **Introduction**: The healthcare system faces pressure due to the demand for tissue substitutes, leading to the exploration of synthetic scaffolds that mimic native tissue. 2. **Composition and Structure of Silk Fibroin**: SF is composed of approximately 70-80% fibroin and 20-30% sericin. The primary structure of fibroin is characterized by repetitive patterns and non-repetitive regions, which influence its mechanical properties. 3. **Silk Fibroin Processing**: Degumming is the first step in SF preparation, followed by dissolution into an aqueous solution. Different techniques are used to control the structural integrity of fibroin during degumming and dissolution. 4. **Aqueous Silk Fibroin Regeneration**: Methods to convert amorphous SF solutions into different conformational states (Silk I and Silk II) are discussed, including temperature-controlled water vapor annealing and freezing-induced crystallization. 5. **Silk Fibroin-Based Materials**: Various materials such as films, fibers, hydrogels, 3D porous scaffolds, non-woven scaffolds, particles, and composites are described, highlighting their applications in tissue engineering. 6. **Biocompatibility**: SF-based materials are generally biocompatible, with some rare cases of delayed hypersensitivity or immunological responses. Studies have shown that SF scaffolds can remain inside tissues without inducing inflammatory responses. 7. **Applications in Tissue Regeneration**: SF-based materials are used in bone, cartilage, cardiovascular, neural, skin, and pancreatic tissue regeneration. They are combined with other compounds to enhance cell attachment, biostability, immunomodulation, and antimicrobial activity. The review emphasizes the potential of SF-based materials in regenerative medicine due to their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and versatility in creating innovative medical devices.