Silk fibroin (SF) is a promising natural biomaterial with excellent prospects for tissue engineering applications. This review aims to trace the latest developments in SF-based scaffolds for tissue engineering. The paper begins by presenting the primary and secondary structures of SF, followed by a summary of various processing methods for SF scaffolds, including degumming, dissolution, and different fabrication techniques such as electrospinning, freeze-drying, solvent casting, gas foaming, and 3D printing. The review then examines the application of SF-based scaffolds in skin, bone, blood vessels, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and nerves, highlighting their potential in wound healing, bone regeneration, vascular grafts, ligament and tendon repair, nerve regeneration, and other niche tissue repairs. The authors discuss the advantages and challenges of using SF scaffolds, emphasizing their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and ability to promote cell growth and tissue regeneration. The review concludes by discussing the future outlook for SF scaffolds in tissue engineering, noting the need for more clinical trials to validate their long-term effects and address potential complications.Silk fibroin (SF) is a promising natural biomaterial with excellent prospects for tissue engineering applications. This review aims to trace the latest developments in SF-based scaffolds for tissue engineering. The paper begins by presenting the primary and secondary structures of SF, followed by a summary of various processing methods for SF scaffolds, including degumming, dissolution, and different fabrication techniques such as electrospinning, freeze-drying, solvent casting, gas foaming, and 3D printing. The review then examines the application of SF-based scaffolds in skin, bone, blood vessels, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and nerves, highlighting their potential in wound healing, bone regeneration, vascular grafts, ligament and tendon repair, nerve regeneration, and other niche tissue repairs. The authors discuss the advantages and challenges of using SF scaffolds, emphasizing their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and ability to promote cell growth and tissue regeneration. The review concludes by discussing the future outlook for SF scaffolds in tissue engineering, noting the need for more clinical trials to validate their long-term effects and address potential complications.