Silver nanoparticles (NPs) have gained significant attention due to their exceptional characteristics, particularly their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. These NPs are widely used in various fields, including biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery, due to their unique optical properties, such as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The synthesis methods, including chemical, biological, and physical processes, significantly influence the stability, size distribution, and purity of the NPs. Chemical and physical methods often face challenges with complex purification, reactive substances, and high energy consumption, while biological methods, though requiring longer processing times, offer eco-friendly alternatives. The review highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate synthesis method to optimize the characteristics and applications of silver NPs. It covers the multifaceted properties of silver NPs, such as size, shape, surface charge, electrical and thermal conductivity, optical properties, and antibacterial activity. The antibacterial mechanisms of silver NPs, including ROS generation, membrane disruption, and protein inactivation, are discussed in detail. Additionally, the antifungal and antiviral activities of silver NPs are explored, along with their potential in cancer therapy and anti-inflammatory applications. The synthesis methods, including top-down and bottom-up approaches, are also reviewed. Top-down methods, such as vapor deposition and laser ablation, produce high-purity NPs but lack stabilizers. Bottom-up methods, such as chemical vapor deposition and sol-gel processing, involve the aggregation of atoms and molecules and offer more control over the NP characteristics. The review emphasizes the need for environmentally friendly and cost-effective synthesis methods to enhance the practical applications of silver NPs.Silver nanoparticles (NPs) have gained significant attention due to their exceptional characteristics, particularly their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. These NPs are widely used in various fields, including biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery, due to their unique optical properties, such as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The synthesis methods, including chemical, biological, and physical processes, significantly influence the stability, size distribution, and purity of the NPs. Chemical and physical methods often face challenges with complex purification, reactive substances, and high energy consumption, while biological methods, though requiring longer processing times, offer eco-friendly alternatives. The review highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate synthesis method to optimize the characteristics and applications of silver NPs. It covers the multifaceted properties of silver NPs, such as size, shape, surface charge, electrical and thermal conductivity, optical properties, and antibacterial activity. The antibacterial mechanisms of silver NPs, including ROS generation, membrane disruption, and protein inactivation, are discussed in detail. Additionally, the antifungal and antiviral activities of silver NPs are explored, along with their potential in cancer therapy and anti-inflammatory applications. The synthesis methods, including top-down and bottom-up approaches, are also reviewed. Top-down methods, such as vapor deposition and laser ablation, produce high-purity NPs but lack stabilizers. Bottom-up methods, such as chemical vapor deposition and sol-gel processing, involve the aggregation of atoms and molecules and offer more control over the NP characteristics. The review emphasizes the need for environmentally friendly and cost-effective synthesis methods to enhance the practical applications of silver NPs.