This review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, characterization, and applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in nanomedicine. AgNPs have gained significant attention due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties, making them versatile in various biomedical applications such as antimicrobial agents, biomedical device coatings, drug delivery carriers, imaging probes, and diagnostic platforms. The synthesis methods of AgNPs are categorized into top-down and bottom-up approaches, including physical, chemical, and biological synthesis techniques. Physical synthesis methods like evaporation-condensation and laser ablation produce high-purity AgNPs but face challenges with agglomeration and high energy consumption. Chemical synthesis methods, such as the Brust–Schiffrinsynthesis and Turkevich method, involve reducing metal salts with various reductants and stabilizers to control the size, shape, and dispersion of AgNPs. Green chemistry methods, which use biological entities like microorganisms and plant extracts, offer a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional synthesis routes. The plasmonic properties of AgNPs, including their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and enhanced electromagnetic field, are crucial for their applications in nanomedicine. These properties enable AgNPs to act as plasmonic nanoantennas, enhancing the intensity of local electromagnetic fields, which is beneficial for techniques like surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and fluorescence. SERS is particularly useful for detecting biomolecules and early cancer biomarkers, while surface-enhanced fluorescence can be leveraged for multiplexed point-of-care diagnostics. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs is a critical concern in nanomedicine, and their antimicrobial activity is attributed to the release of silver ions, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and modulation of intracellular signal transduction pathways. The cytotoxic effects of AgNPs are influenced by factors such as ion release rate, surface area, and concentration. Alloying AgNPs with other metals, such as gold, can enhance their catalytic, electronic, and optical properties, making them suitable for advanced applications like bimetallic colloids and hybrid structures. These alloys exhibit tunable SPR wavelengths and improved colloidal stability. In conclusion, AgNPs have a wide range of applications in nanomedicine, including plasmonic nanoantennas for diagnostics and optoelectronics, surface-enhanced fluorescence for multiplexed point-of-care diagnostics, and antimicrobial agents for cancer and bacterial infections. The future perspectives of AgNPs in these areas are promising, with ongoing research focusing on optimizing their synthesis, characterization, and application in personalized healthcare.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, characterization, and applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in nanomedicine. AgNPs have gained significant attention due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties, making them versatile in various biomedical applications such as antimicrobial agents, biomedical device coatings, drug delivery carriers, imaging probes, and diagnostic platforms. The synthesis methods of AgNPs are categorized into top-down and bottom-up approaches, including physical, chemical, and biological synthesis techniques. Physical synthesis methods like evaporation-condensation and laser ablation produce high-purity AgNPs but face challenges with agglomeration and high energy consumption. Chemical synthesis methods, such as the Brust–Schiffrinsynthesis and Turkevich method, involve reducing metal salts with various reductants and stabilizers to control the size, shape, and dispersion of AgNPs. Green chemistry methods, which use biological entities like microorganisms and plant extracts, offer a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional synthesis routes. The plasmonic properties of AgNPs, including their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and enhanced electromagnetic field, are crucial for their applications in nanomedicine. These properties enable AgNPs to act as plasmonic nanoantennas, enhancing the intensity of local electromagnetic fields, which is beneficial for techniques like surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and fluorescence. SERS is particularly useful for detecting biomolecules and early cancer biomarkers, while surface-enhanced fluorescence can be leveraged for multiplexed point-of-care diagnostics. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs is a critical concern in nanomedicine, and their antimicrobial activity is attributed to the release of silver ions, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and modulation of intracellular signal transduction pathways. The cytotoxic effects of AgNPs are influenced by factors such as ion release rate, surface area, and concentration. Alloying AgNPs with other metals, such as gold, can enhance their catalytic, electronic, and optical properties, making them suitable for advanced applications like bimetallic colloids and hybrid structures. These alloys exhibit tunable SPR wavelengths and improved colloidal stability. In conclusion, AgNPs have a wide range of applications in nanomedicine, including plasmonic nanoantennas for diagnostics and optoelectronics, surface-enhanced fluorescence for multiplexed point-of-care diagnostics, and antimicrobial agents for cancer and bacterial infections. The future perspectives of AgNPs in these areas are promising, with ongoing research focusing on optimizing their synthesis, characterization, and application in personalized healthcare.