Silver nanoparticles, ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size, exhibit unique properties that make them valuable in molecular diagnostics, therapies, and medical devices. The primary methods for their synthesis include physical, chemical, and biological approaches, with the latter being more cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts are commonly used in biological synthesis. Silver nanoparticles have significant medical applications, particularly in antimicrobial and therapeutic contexts, due to their ability to inhibit microbial growth and reduce inflammation. However, their use also raises concerns about nanotoxicity, which can lead to health and environmental issues. The review discusses the mechanisms of action, synthesis methods, medical applications, and toxicity effects of silver nanoparticles, emphasizing the need for further research to ensure their safe and effective use.Silver nanoparticles, ranging from 1 to 100 nm in size, exhibit unique properties that make them valuable in molecular diagnostics, therapies, and medical devices. The primary methods for their synthesis include physical, chemical, and biological approaches, with the latter being more cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Bacteria, fungi, and plant extracts are commonly used in biological synthesis. Silver nanoparticles have significant medical applications, particularly in antimicrobial and therapeutic contexts, due to their ability to inhibit microbial growth and reduce inflammation. However, their use also raises concerns about nanotoxicity, which can lead to health and environmental issues. The review discusses the mechanisms of action, synthesis methods, medical applications, and toxicity effects of silver nanoparticles, emphasizing the need for further research to ensure their safe and effective use.