The paper "Key Management in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks: Collusion Analysis and Prevention" by Mohamed Younis, Kajaldeep Ghumman, Mohamed Eltoweissy, and others, addresses the security challenges in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (WAHNs) due to their dynamic nature and multi-node involvement. The authors focus on group key management, particularly using Exclusion Basis Systems (EBS), which provides a scalable and efficient framework for managing keys. However, EBS is vulnerable to collusion attacks, where compromised nodes can collaborate to reveal all system keys, potentially capturing the network. To mitigate this issue, the paper proposes a heuristic key assignment approach that reduces the probability of collusion. This approach assigns keys to neighboring nodes based on their physical proximity, aiming to increase the number of nodes required to collude and reveal all keys. The key assignment problem is formulated as a graph problem, and a greedy algorithm is proposed to solve it. The algorithm prioritizes assigning key combinations with lower Hamming distances to nodes that are physically closer. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated through simulations, which show that it significantly enhances the network's resilience to collusion threats compared to random key assignment. The results indicate that the proposed method reduces the length of the collusion chain, making it more difficult for compromised nodes to capture the network. The paper concludes by discussing future research directions, including extending the algorithm to handle mobile nodes and applying it to other key management solutions.The paper "Key Management in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks: Collusion Analysis and Prevention" by Mohamed Younis, Kajaldeep Ghumman, Mohamed Eltoweissy, and others, addresses the security challenges in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (WAHNs) due to their dynamic nature and multi-node involvement. The authors focus on group key management, particularly using Exclusion Basis Systems (EBS), which provides a scalable and efficient framework for managing keys. However, EBS is vulnerable to collusion attacks, where compromised nodes can collaborate to reveal all system keys, potentially capturing the network. To mitigate this issue, the paper proposes a heuristic key assignment approach that reduces the probability of collusion. This approach assigns keys to neighboring nodes based on their physical proximity, aiming to increase the number of nodes required to collude and reveal all keys. The key assignment problem is formulated as a graph problem, and a greedy algorithm is proposed to solve it. The algorithm prioritizes assigning key combinations with lower Hamming distances to nodes that are physically closer. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated through simulations, which show that it significantly enhances the network's resilience to collusion threats compared to random key assignment. The results indicate that the proposed method reduces the length of the collusion chain, making it more difficult for compromised nodes to capture the network. The paper concludes by discussing future research directions, including extending the algorithm to handle mobile nodes and applying it to other key management solutions.