This review discusses the simultaneous production of hydrogen and removal of pollutants using photocatalytic processes. The method utilizes organic pollutants as sacrificial agents for hydrogen production, thus reducing pollution and generating energy. Various photocatalysts, including metal-doped, cocatalyst-loaded, organic and inorganic composites, heterostructures, and heterojunctions, are described. Applications to the removal of antibiotics and organic dyes are presented, with degradation rates ranging from 5.3 to 100% and hydrogen evolution rates from 13.7 to 2724.89 μmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹. The review highlights the importance of sacrificial agents in photocatalytic hydrogen production, their role in facilitating electron transfer and preventing recombination. It also discusses the mechanisms of photocatalytic hydrogen production and pollutant degradation, the synthesis of various photocatalysts, and the effectiveness of different heterojunctions in enhancing photocatalytic activity. The review emphasizes the potential of photocatalysis in addressing environmental and energy challenges by converting solar energy into chemical energy for pollution treatment and hydrogen generation. The use of pollutants as sacrificial agents in hydrogen production is explored, along with the synthesis of organic and inorganic composites and heterostructures for improved photocatalytic performance. The review concludes with a discussion on the factors influencing photocatalytic activity, such as reaction parameters, and the potential of photocatalysis in simultaneous hydrogen production and pollutant removal.This review discusses the simultaneous production of hydrogen and removal of pollutants using photocatalytic processes. The method utilizes organic pollutants as sacrificial agents for hydrogen production, thus reducing pollution and generating energy. Various photocatalysts, including metal-doped, cocatalyst-loaded, organic and inorganic composites, heterostructures, and heterojunctions, are described. Applications to the removal of antibiotics and organic dyes are presented, with degradation rates ranging from 5.3 to 100% and hydrogen evolution rates from 13.7 to 2724.89 μmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹. The review highlights the importance of sacrificial agents in photocatalytic hydrogen production, their role in facilitating electron transfer and preventing recombination. It also discusses the mechanisms of photocatalytic hydrogen production and pollutant degradation, the synthesis of various photocatalysts, and the effectiveness of different heterojunctions in enhancing photocatalytic activity. The review emphasizes the potential of photocatalysis in addressing environmental and energy challenges by converting solar energy into chemical energy for pollution treatment and hydrogen generation. The use of pollutants as sacrificial agents in hydrogen production is explored, along with the synthesis of organic and inorganic composites and heterostructures for improved photocatalytic performance. The review concludes with a discussion on the factors influencing photocatalytic activity, such as reaction parameters, and the potential of photocatalysis in simultaneous hydrogen production and pollutant removal.