This paper reports on single-atom and single-site resolution fluorescence imaging of strongly interacting bosonic Mott insulators in an optical lattice. The researchers used high-resolution fluorescence imaging to reconstruct the atom distribution on the lattice and identify individual excitations with high fidelity. By comparing the radial density and variance distributions with theory, they obtained precise in-situ temperature and entropy measurements from single images. They observed Mott-insulating plateaus with near zero entropy and clearly resolved the high entropy rings separating them, despite their width being only a single lattice site. The study shows how a Mott insulator melts for increasing temperatures due to a proliferation of local defects. The experiments open new avenues for manipulating and analyzing strongly interacting quantum gases on a lattice, as well as for quantum information processing with ultracold atoms. The high spatial resolution allows direct addressing of individual lattice sites, enabling local perturbations or access to regions of high entropy, crucial for novel cooling schemes. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices are powerful simulators for studying quantum phases and dynamics of strongly correlated systems. Examples include the quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator and the fermionized Tonks-Girardeau gas. These systems exhibit highly correlated quantum states of fundamental interest in condensed matter physics and potential applications in quantum information science. The ability to image correlated many-body systems with single-atom and single-site resolution is crucial for probing quantum critical phenomena and implementing novel cooling schemes. The study demonstrates the feasibility of single-atom detection and manipulation in optical lattices, with potential applications in quantum computing and quantum information processing. The results highlight the importance of high-resolution imaging in understanding and controlling quantum systems, and provide insights into the behavior of strongly correlated quantum gases. The experiments confirm that the entropy of the quantum gas is concentrated around Mott insulating regions, with near-zero entropy in the center of a Mott insulator. The study also shows how the Mott insulator melts with increasing temperature, as predicted by theory. The results have implications for the development of quantum technologies and the understanding of quantum many-body systems.This paper reports on single-atom and single-site resolution fluorescence imaging of strongly interacting bosonic Mott insulators in an optical lattice. The researchers used high-resolution fluorescence imaging to reconstruct the atom distribution on the lattice and identify individual excitations with high fidelity. By comparing the radial density and variance distributions with theory, they obtained precise in-situ temperature and entropy measurements from single images. They observed Mott-insulating plateaus with near zero entropy and clearly resolved the high entropy rings separating them, despite their width being only a single lattice site. The study shows how a Mott insulator melts for increasing temperatures due to a proliferation of local defects. The experiments open new avenues for manipulating and analyzing strongly interacting quantum gases on a lattice, as well as for quantum information processing with ultracold atoms. The high spatial resolution allows direct addressing of individual lattice sites, enabling local perturbations or access to regions of high entropy, crucial for novel cooling schemes. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices are powerful simulators for studying quantum phases and dynamics of strongly correlated systems. Examples include the quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator and the fermionized Tonks-Girardeau gas. These systems exhibit highly correlated quantum states of fundamental interest in condensed matter physics and potential applications in quantum information science. The ability to image correlated many-body systems with single-atom and single-site resolution is crucial for probing quantum critical phenomena and implementing novel cooling schemes. The study demonstrates the feasibility of single-atom detection and manipulation in optical lattices, with potential applications in quantum computing and quantum information processing. The results highlight the importance of high-resolution imaging in understanding and controlling quantum systems, and provide insights into the behavior of strongly correlated quantum gases. The experiments confirm that the entropy of the quantum gas is concentrated around Mott insulating regions, with near-zero entropy in the center of a Mott insulator. The study also shows how the Mott insulator melts with increasing temperature, as predicted by theory. The results have implications for the development of quantum technologies and the understanding of quantum many-body systems.