Single-photon-based quantum secure protocol for the socialist millionaires’ problem

Single-photon-based quantum secure protocol for the socialist millionaires’ problem

06 March 2024 | Min Hou and Yue Wu
This paper introduces a practical quantum secure protocol for the socialist millionaires' problem, which allows two participants to determine if they are equally rich without revealing their actual wealth. The protocol uses single photons as quantum information carriers, with a semi-honest third party (TP) preparing and transmitting quantum sequences to Alice and Bob. Alice and Bob perform identity or Hadamard operations on the received sequences based on their private inputs and secret keys, producing new sequences that are then sent back to TP. TP measures the sequences to detect any eavesdropping and determine the equality of Alice's and Bob's private inputs. The protocol is simulated on IBM Quantum Cloud Platform and analyzed for security against external and internal attacks. The qubit efficiency of the protocol is also evaluated, showing it to be more efficient than previous protocols using Bell states and multi-particle states. The paper concludes by discussing the feasibility and potential improvements for future quantum protocols.This paper introduces a practical quantum secure protocol for the socialist millionaires' problem, which allows two participants to determine if they are equally rich without revealing their actual wealth. The protocol uses single photons as quantum information carriers, with a semi-honest third party (TP) preparing and transmitting quantum sequences to Alice and Bob. Alice and Bob perform identity or Hadamard operations on the received sequences based on their private inputs and secret keys, producing new sequences that are then sent back to TP. TP measures the sequences to detect any eavesdropping and determine the equality of Alice's and Bob's private inputs. The protocol is simulated on IBM Quantum Cloud Platform and analyzed for security against external and internal attacks. The qubit efficiency of the protocol is also evaluated, showing it to be more efficient than previous protocols using Bell states and multi-particle states. The paper concludes by discussing the feasibility and potential improvements for future quantum protocols.
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