17 July 2020 | Yasunori Watanabe, Joel D. Allen, Daniel Wrapp, Jason S. McLellan, Max Crispin
The study presents a site-specific analysis of N-linked glycan structures on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using mass spectrometry. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which mediates cell entry, contains 22 N-linked glycan sequons per protomer, playing roles in protein folding and immune evasion. The analysis reveals the glycan structures on a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S immunogen, enabling mapping of glycan-processing states across the trimeric viral spike. The results show that SARS-CoV-2 S glycans differ from typical host glycan processing, which may have implications in viral pathobiology and vaccine design.
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is a trimeric class I fusion protein composed of two functional subunits, responsible for receptor binding and membrane fusion. The surface of the envelope spike is dominated by host-derived glycans, with each trimer displaying 66 N-linked glycosylation sites. The S protein is a key target in vaccine design efforts, and understanding the glycosylation of recombinant viral spikes can reveal fundamental features of viral biology and guide vaccine design strategies.
Viral glycosylation plays a role in viral pathobiology, including mediating protein folding and stability and shaping viral tropism. Glycosylation sites are under selective pressure as they facilitate immune evasion by shielding specific epitopes from antibody neutralization. However, the low mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 and the absence of observed mutations to N-linked glycosylation sites suggest that these sites are relatively stable.
The study also shows that the SARS-CoV-2 S protein has a unique glycosylation pattern, with two sites predominantly oligomannose-type and others containing a mix of oligomannose- and complex-type glycans. The analysis reveals that the SARS-CoV-2 S protein is less densely glycosylated compared to other viral glycoproteins, which may be beneficial for the elicitation of neutralizing antibodies. The results also highlight the importance of glycan profiling in vaccine development and the need to understand how delivery mechanisms affect immunogen processing and presentation.The study presents a site-specific analysis of N-linked glycan structures on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using mass spectrometry. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which mediates cell entry, contains 22 N-linked glycan sequons per protomer, playing roles in protein folding and immune evasion. The analysis reveals the glycan structures on a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S immunogen, enabling mapping of glycan-processing states across the trimeric viral spike. The results show that SARS-CoV-2 S glycans differ from typical host glycan processing, which may have implications in viral pathobiology and vaccine design.
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is a trimeric class I fusion protein composed of two functional subunits, responsible for receptor binding and membrane fusion. The surface of the envelope spike is dominated by host-derived glycans, with each trimer displaying 66 N-linked glycosylation sites. The S protein is a key target in vaccine design efforts, and understanding the glycosylation of recombinant viral spikes can reveal fundamental features of viral biology and guide vaccine design strategies.
Viral glycosylation plays a role in viral pathobiology, including mediating protein folding and stability and shaping viral tropism. Glycosylation sites are under selective pressure as they facilitate immune evasion by shielding specific epitopes from antibody neutralization. However, the low mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 and the absence of observed mutations to N-linked glycosylation sites suggest that these sites are relatively stable.
The study also shows that the SARS-CoV-2 S protein has a unique glycosylation pattern, with two sites predominantly oligomannose-type and others containing a mix of oligomannose- and complex-type glycans. The analysis reveals that the SARS-CoV-2 S protein is less densely glycosylated compared to other viral glycoproteins, which may be beneficial for the elicitation of neutralizing antibodies. The results also highlight the importance of glycan profiling in vaccine development and the need to understand how delivery mechanisms affect immunogen processing and presentation.