The paper "Smart Tourism: Foundations and Developments" by Ulrike Gretzel, Marianna Sigala, Zheng Xiang, and Chulmo Koo explores the concept of smart tourism, its technological and business foundations, and its current trends. Smart tourism is defined as the use of emerging ICTs to transform massive amounts of data into value propositions for tourism destinations, industries, and tourists. The authors highlight the need for clear definitions and theoretical development in this field, which remains ill-defined. They discuss the three main components of smart tourism: smart destinations, smart business ecosystems, and smart experiences. Smart destinations integrate ICTs into physical infrastructure to enhance mobility, resource availability, sustainability, and quality of life. Smart business ecosystems involve dynamic interconnections among stakeholders, digitalization of core processes, and organizational agility. Smart experiences focus on technology-mediated interactions that are personalized, context-aware, and real-time. The paper also examines the technological foundations, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data, and the business foundations, such as open innovation and service co-creation. It concludes with a discussion on the research agenda needed to address privacy, technology dependence, and the potential drawbacks of smart tourism, emphasizing the importance of critical perspectives and empirical investigations.The paper "Smart Tourism: Foundations and Developments" by Ulrike Gretzel, Marianna Sigala, Zheng Xiang, and Chulmo Koo explores the concept of smart tourism, its technological and business foundations, and its current trends. Smart tourism is defined as the use of emerging ICTs to transform massive amounts of data into value propositions for tourism destinations, industries, and tourists. The authors highlight the need for clear definitions and theoretical development in this field, which remains ill-defined. They discuss the three main components of smart tourism: smart destinations, smart business ecosystems, and smart experiences. Smart destinations integrate ICTs into physical infrastructure to enhance mobility, resource availability, sustainability, and quality of life. Smart business ecosystems involve dynamic interconnections among stakeholders, digitalization of core processes, and organizational agility. Smart experiences focus on technology-mediated interactions that are personalized, context-aware, and real-time. The paper also examines the technological foundations, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data, and the business foundations, such as open innovation and service co-creation. It concludes with a discussion on the research agenda needed to address privacy, technology dependence, and the potential drawbacks of smart tourism, emphasizing the importance of critical perspectives and empirical investigations.