2004 | Sonia Vega, Aixa V. Morales, Oscar H. Ocaña, Francisco Valdés, Isabel Fabregat, and M. Angela Nieto
Snail, a zinc-finger transcription factor, promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), which are crucial for cell migration and invasion during embryonic development and tumor progression. This study reveals that Snail not only induces dramatic phenotypic changes but also suppresses cell cycle progression and enhances resistance to cell death. Snail inhibits the cell cycle by reducing Cyclin D2 expression and increasing p21/Cip1 levels, which are essential for G1/S checkpoint regulation. Additionally, Snail activates survival pathways such as MAPK and PI3K/Akt, conferring resistance to serum deprivation and TNF-α-induced apoptosis. These properties provide a selective advantage to cells during embryonic development and tumor progression, enabling migration, invasion, and metastasis. Snail's role in cell cycle regulation and survival is conserved across species, with Slug in chick embryos exhibiting similar functions. The study highlights that while cell proliferation is critical for tumor formation, Snail's effects on cell shape changes and survival may be more important for tumor malignization. Snail's ability to resist cell death is essential for both embryonic cell migration and malignant cell dissemination.Snail, a zinc-finger transcription factor, promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), which are crucial for cell migration and invasion during embryonic development and tumor progression. This study reveals that Snail not only induces dramatic phenotypic changes but also suppresses cell cycle progression and enhances resistance to cell death. Snail inhibits the cell cycle by reducing Cyclin D2 expression and increasing p21/Cip1 levels, which are essential for G1/S checkpoint regulation. Additionally, Snail activates survival pathways such as MAPK and PI3K/Akt, conferring resistance to serum deprivation and TNF-α-induced apoptosis. These properties provide a selective advantage to cells during embryonic development and tumor progression, enabling migration, invasion, and metastasis. Snail's role in cell cycle regulation and survival is conserved across species, with Slug in chick embryos exhibiting similar functions. The study highlights that while cell proliferation is critical for tumor formation, Snail's effects on cell shape changes and survival may be more important for tumor malignization. Snail's ability to resist cell death is essential for both embryonic cell migration and malignant cell dissemination.