This review examines how social and structural determinants of health and social injustices contribute to obesity disparities. Racial and ethnic minorities, including non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults, and individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) have higher obesity rates compared to non-Hispanic white adults and those with high SES. The underlying causes of these disparities include obesogenic environments, unequal access to obesity treatment, and limited access to affordable, nutrient-dense foods. Experts recommend interventions that address these social and structural determinants to reduce obesity disparities and improve health outcomes for marginalized groups. Key factors contributing to obesity disparities include social inequities, such as limited access to healthy foods, safe places for physical activity, and quality healthcare services. Social injustices, like food deserts and physical activity deserts, also play a role. Additionally, systemic and structural racism has contributed to health disparities by limiting access to essential services and creating socioeconomic disadvantages. Effective interventions include population-based strategies that improve neighborhood conditions, discourage unhealthy food consumption, expand access to obesity treatment, and ensure equitable access to fruits and vegetables. These interventions are most effective when they address the root causes of obesity disparities at multiple levels, including institutional, community, and policy levels. Federal, state, and local policies have been implemented to reduce obesity disparities, such as taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages and programs to improve access to healthy foods. These policies aim to promote health equity by addressing the social and structural determinants of health. However, more work is needed to expand and improve these interventions to address the ongoing disparities in obesity among marginalized populations.This review examines how social and structural determinants of health and social injustices contribute to obesity disparities. Racial and ethnic minorities, including non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults, and individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES) have higher obesity rates compared to non-Hispanic white adults and those with high SES. The underlying causes of these disparities include obesogenic environments, unequal access to obesity treatment, and limited access to affordable, nutrient-dense foods. Experts recommend interventions that address these social and structural determinants to reduce obesity disparities and improve health outcomes for marginalized groups. Key factors contributing to obesity disparities include social inequities, such as limited access to healthy foods, safe places for physical activity, and quality healthcare services. Social injustices, like food deserts and physical activity deserts, also play a role. Additionally, systemic and structural racism has contributed to health disparities by limiting access to essential services and creating socioeconomic disadvantages. Effective interventions include population-based strategies that improve neighborhood conditions, discourage unhealthy food consumption, expand access to obesity treatment, and ensure equitable access to fruits and vegetables. These interventions are most effective when they address the root causes of obesity disparities at multiple levels, including institutional, community, and policy levels. Federal, state, and local policies have been implemented to reduce obesity disparities, such as taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages and programs to improve access to healthy foods. These policies aim to promote health equity by addressing the social and structural determinants of health. However, more work is needed to expand and improve these interventions to address the ongoing disparities in obesity among marginalized populations.