This article explores the relationship between social and ecological resilience, particularly in the context of resource-dependent communities. Social resilience is defined as the ability of groups or communities to cope with external stresses and disturbances resulting from social, political, and environmental changes. The author highlights the link between social and ecological resilience, especially for communities that rely on ecological resources for their livelihoods. However, it is unclear whether resilient ecosystems necessarily lead to resilient communities. The article examines the concept of resilience in ecology and human ecology, ecological economics, and rural sociology, and discusses the impact of ecological change on a resource-dependent community in coastal Vietnam. The study of mangrove conversion in northern Vietnam illustrates how market liberalization and privatization of mangroves reduce both ecosystem and social resilience, leading to negative impacts on livelihoods and collective institutional resilience. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of social resilience in sustainable development and the need to understand the interaction between social and ecological systems to effectively manage resources.This article explores the relationship between social and ecological resilience, particularly in the context of resource-dependent communities. Social resilience is defined as the ability of groups or communities to cope with external stresses and disturbances resulting from social, political, and environmental changes. The author highlights the link between social and ecological resilience, especially for communities that rely on ecological resources for their livelihoods. However, it is unclear whether resilient ecosystems necessarily lead to resilient communities. The article examines the concept of resilience in ecology and human ecology, ecological economics, and rural sociology, and discusses the impact of ecological change on a resource-dependent community in coastal Vietnam. The study of mangrove conversion in northern Vietnam illustrates how market liberalization and privatization of mangroves reduce both ecosystem and social resilience, leading to negative impacts on livelihoods and collective institutional resilience. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of social resilience in sustainable development and the need to understand the interaction between social and ecological systems to effectively manage resources.