Sociology of Science

Sociology of Science

August 11 1972 | M. J. Mulkay
The text discusses the structure and content of a book aimed at helping archaeologists collect and prepare samples properly. It notes that the length of chapters varies widely and is not directly proportional to the importance of the techniques in archaeology. For example, archaeomagnetic dating is the longest chapter (60 pages), while fission track dating is the shortest (5 pages). The differences in chapter lengths are partly due to the authors' emphasis on technical details. Some chapters, like the one on carbon-14 dating, provide a good balance between brevity and detail, but others, like the archaeomagnetic dating chapter, may be too technical for non-specialists. The chapter on obsidian dating is praised for its practical detail, as the technique is relatively simple and affordable. The author suggests that some chapters could have provided more practical guidance for sampling or warned against attempting specialized techniques like archaeomagnetic dating. The text also discusses the sociology of science, focusing on the social process of innovation. It explores how scientists are influenced by social norms and networks, and how young scientists may be more likely to innovate radically. The author presents a model of the "scientific man" as an entrepreneur driven by prestige. The text critiques this model, noting that it may not fully account for the complexities of scientific activity. It also references the work of Pasteur and raises questions about the applicability of scientific models to other fields like gangsterism. Finally, the text reviews a treatise on simple liquids, highlighting its contributions to the field of physical chemistry. It notes the book's strengths and weaknesses, including repetition and inconsistencies in terminology. The book is described as a collection of timely monographs rather than a cohesive treatise.The text discusses the structure and content of a book aimed at helping archaeologists collect and prepare samples properly. It notes that the length of chapters varies widely and is not directly proportional to the importance of the techniques in archaeology. For example, archaeomagnetic dating is the longest chapter (60 pages), while fission track dating is the shortest (5 pages). The differences in chapter lengths are partly due to the authors' emphasis on technical details. Some chapters, like the one on carbon-14 dating, provide a good balance between brevity and detail, but others, like the archaeomagnetic dating chapter, may be too technical for non-specialists. The chapter on obsidian dating is praised for its practical detail, as the technique is relatively simple and affordable. The author suggests that some chapters could have provided more practical guidance for sampling or warned against attempting specialized techniques like archaeomagnetic dating. The text also discusses the sociology of science, focusing on the social process of innovation. It explores how scientists are influenced by social norms and networks, and how young scientists may be more likely to innovate radically. The author presents a model of the "scientific man" as an entrepreneur driven by prestige. The text critiques this model, noting that it may not fully account for the complexities of scientific activity. It also references the work of Pasteur and raises questions about the applicability of scientific models to other fields like gangsterism. Finally, the text reviews a treatise on simple liquids, highlighting its contributions to the field of physical chemistry. It notes the book's strengths and weaknesses, including repetition and inconsistencies in terminology. The book is described as a collection of timely monographs rather than a cohesive treatise.
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