The article discusses the current state and future prospects of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). It highlights the advantages of SIBs, such as the abundance of sodium and similar chemistry to LIBs, making them promising for next-generation energy storage systems. The article reviews recent advancements in cathode materials, including transition metal oxides, phosphates, and organic compounds, and anode materials like carbonaceous materials, transition metal oxides, and intermetallic compounds. It also emphasizes the importance of suitable electrolytes, additives, and binders for practical SIB development. Despite progress, challenges remain, such as cell design and electrode balancing. The article provides insights into scientific and practical issues in SIB development, focusing on cathode materials, anode materials, electrolytes, and separators. It discusses the electrochemical performance of various cathode materials, including NaFeO2, NaCoO2, and NaMnO2, and their derivatives, highlighting their structural stability, capacity, and cycling performance. The article also explores the impact of sodium content and phase stability on the performance of SIBs.The article discusses the current state and future prospects of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). It highlights the advantages of SIBs, such as the abundance of sodium and similar chemistry to LIBs, making them promising for next-generation energy storage systems. The article reviews recent advancements in cathode materials, including transition metal oxides, phosphates, and organic compounds, and anode materials like carbonaceous materials, transition metal oxides, and intermetallic compounds. It also emphasizes the importance of suitable electrolytes, additives, and binders for practical SIB development. Despite progress, challenges remain, such as cell design and electrode balancing. The article provides insights into scientific and practical issues in SIB development, focusing on cathode materials, anode materials, electrolytes, and separators. It discusses the electrochemical performance of various cathode materials, including NaFeO2, NaCoO2, and NaMnO2, and their derivatives, highlighting their structural stability, capacity, and cycling performance. The article also explores the impact of sodium content and phase stability on the performance of SIBs.