Traditional agriculture and the food industry have historically prioritized maximum productivity and financial returns, leading to the exploitation of natural resources and increased waste. This has resulted in significant ecosystem losses, climate changes, and environmental pollution. The intensive use of resources for farming has contributed to eutrophication, groundwater pollution, and reduced arable lands. The food industry is also a major consumer of energy and a significant source of waste, with transportation being a major contributor to its environmental impact. Recognizing these issues, there has been a growing focus on developing modern agri-food systems that maximize benefits while minimizing environmental harm and human health risks. The goal is to achieve sustainable practices that are profitable, environmentally friendly, and socially acceptable. This involves the development and implementation of efficient methods and products with optimized resource use and zero-waste policies. Nanotechnology and Internet of Nano-Things (IoNT) have shown significant potential in modernizing the agri-food sector by optimizing production, reducing losses, and enhancing safety and security. These technologies have already demonstrated their ability to meet increasing global food demands, improve crop and livestock production, reduce resource use, and minimize environmental pollution.Traditional agriculture and the food industry have historically prioritized maximum productivity and financial returns, leading to the exploitation of natural resources and increased waste. This has resulted in significant ecosystem losses, climate changes, and environmental pollution. The intensive use of resources for farming has contributed to eutrophication, groundwater pollution, and reduced arable lands. The food industry is also a major consumer of energy and a significant source of waste, with transportation being a major contributor to its environmental impact. Recognizing these issues, there has been a growing focus on developing modern agri-food systems that maximize benefits while minimizing environmental harm and human health risks. The goal is to achieve sustainable practices that are profitable, environmentally friendly, and socially acceptable. This involves the development and implementation of efficient methods and products with optimized resource use and zero-waste policies. Nanotechnology and Internet of Nano-Things (IoNT) have shown significant potential in modernizing the agri-food sector by optimizing production, reducing losses, and enhancing safety and security. These technologies have already demonstrated their ability to meet increasing global food demands, improve crop and livestock production, reduce resource use, and minimize environmental pollution.