A study on Holocene temperature changes over mid-latitude Eurasia reveals contrasting spatial patterns. While northeastern China shows long-term cooling, southwestern Siberia exhibits long-term warming, indicating a colder air mass prevailed in the interior during the early to mid-Holocene, possibly linked to residual ice sheets. Proxy-based and model simulations show discrepancies, suggesting spatial patterns should be reconsidered. Alkenone records from lakes in northeastern China and southwestern Siberia show warming trends in the latter, contrasting with cooling in the former. These findings challenge the idea of seasonality bias in proxies and highlight the need for more comprehensive assessments of climate forcings. The study also shows that temperature changes in mid-latitude Eurasia are influenced by atmospheric circulation patterns, with cold air masses affecting interior regions. The results suggest that current climate models may not fully capture these spatial patterns, emphasizing the importance of integrating diverse data sources and models to better understand Holocene climate dynamics and their implications for hydroclimate changes.A study on Holocene temperature changes over mid-latitude Eurasia reveals contrasting spatial patterns. While northeastern China shows long-term cooling, southwestern Siberia exhibits long-term warming, indicating a colder air mass prevailed in the interior during the early to mid-Holocene, possibly linked to residual ice sheets. Proxy-based and model simulations show discrepancies, suggesting spatial patterns should be reconsidered. Alkenone records from lakes in northeastern China and southwestern Siberia show warming trends in the latter, contrasting with cooling in the former. These findings challenge the idea of seasonality bias in proxies and highlight the need for more comprehensive assessments of climate forcings. The study also shows that temperature changes in mid-latitude Eurasia are influenced by atmospheric circulation patterns, with cold air masses affecting interior regions. The results suggest that current climate models may not fully capture these spatial patterns, emphasizing the importance of integrating diverse data sources and models to better understand Holocene climate dynamics and their implications for hydroclimate changes.