The article provides an overview of spatial transcriptomic technologies and their applications in health and disease, particularly in the context of kidney biology. Spatial transcriptomics allows for the localization of transcripts at a single or near single-cell resolution, providing insights into cellular organization and interactions. The review covers current and emerging methods, including in situ capture (ISC), region of interest-based sequencing, and in situ sequencing and hybridization (ISS). These technologies have been applied to preclinical models and human samples, revealing new cell types, cell-cell interactions, and changes in response to injury. The integration of spatial transcriptomics with other omics methods, such as proteomics and spatial epigenetics, is discussed, highlighting the potential for comprehensive molecular atlases. Challenges and limitations, such as cost, data storage, and analytical complexity, are also addressed. The authors recommend guidelines to ensure data quality and interoperability, emphasizing the need for collaboration between histopathologists and clinicians to translate findings into clinical applications. Overall, the article underscores the transformative potential of spatial transcriptomics in advancing our understanding of kidney biology and disease.The article provides an overview of spatial transcriptomic technologies and their applications in health and disease, particularly in the context of kidney biology. Spatial transcriptomics allows for the localization of transcripts at a single or near single-cell resolution, providing insights into cellular organization and interactions. The review covers current and emerging methods, including in situ capture (ISC), region of interest-based sequencing, and in situ sequencing and hybridization (ISS). These technologies have been applied to preclinical models and human samples, revealing new cell types, cell-cell interactions, and changes in response to injury. The integration of spatial transcriptomics with other omics methods, such as proteomics and spatial epigenetics, is discussed, highlighting the potential for comprehensive molecular atlases. Challenges and limitations, such as cost, data storage, and analytical complexity, are also addressed. The authors recommend guidelines to ensure data quality and interoperability, emphasizing the need for collaboration between histopathologists and clinicians to translate findings into clinical applications. Overall, the article underscores the transformative potential of spatial transcriptomics in advancing our understanding of kidney biology and disease.