This paper examines the relationships between geographical location, soil characteristics, and selected features of the herb and moss layers in Scots pine forests of the Vaccinio-Piceetea class across Central and Northern Europe. The study area spans from 70.15°N (Norway) to 50.35°N (Poland) and from 12.02°E (Sweden) to 33.6°E (Russia). Key findings include: 1. **Species Richness**: The number of vascular plant species in the herb layer increases from west to east and from north to south, with minima in northern Finland, western Poland, and eastern Germany, and maxima in Belarus. 2. **Herb Layer Biomass**: There is no significant correlation between geographical location and herb layer biomass, but the study area can be divided into two parts: central Scandinavia with high biomass and the rest with lower biomass. 3. **Moss Layer Biomass**: Moss layer biomass is higher in the north and east compared to the south and west, and it increases with increasing organic carbon content in the topsoil. 4. **Spatial Heterogeneity**: The standard deviation of herb and moss layer biomass is highest in Scandinavia and lowest in Poland. It shows a positive correlation with latitude and a negative correlation with soil organic carbon content. 5. **Soil Characteristics**: The eluvial horizon shows more marked correlations and spatial patterns compared to the humus horizon, particularly in sorption parameters like degree of base saturation and hydrolytic acidity. The study highlights the simultaneous effects of various mechanisms shaping the structure of soil and the forest floor, including climatic differentiation, soil development, and local habitat conditions.This paper examines the relationships between geographical location, soil characteristics, and selected features of the herb and moss layers in Scots pine forests of the Vaccinio-Piceetea class across Central and Northern Europe. The study area spans from 70.15°N (Norway) to 50.35°N (Poland) and from 12.02°E (Sweden) to 33.6°E (Russia). Key findings include: 1. **Species Richness**: The number of vascular plant species in the herb layer increases from west to east and from north to south, with minima in northern Finland, western Poland, and eastern Germany, and maxima in Belarus. 2. **Herb Layer Biomass**: There is no significant correlation between geographical location and herb layer biomass, but the study area can be divided into two parts: central Scandinavia with high biomass and the rest with lower biomass. 3. **Moss Layer Biomass**: Moss layer biomass is higher in the north and east compared to the south and west, and it increases with increasing organic carbon content in the topsoil. 4. **Spatial Heterogeneity**: The standard deviation of herb and moss layer biomass is highest in Scandinavia and lowest in Poland. It shows a positive correlation with latitude and a negative correlation with soil organic carbon content. 5. **Soil Characteristics**: The eluvial horizon shows more marked correlations and spatial patterns compared to the humus horizon, particularly in sorption parameters like degree of base saturation and hydrolytic acidity. The study highlights the simultaneous effects of various mechanisms shaping the structure of soil and the forest floor, including climatic differentiation, soil development, and local habitat conditions.