This study, conducted by researchers from the National Cancer Institute and other institutions, aimed to describe the overall pattern of cancer among solid organ transplant recipients in the U.S. The study used linked data from the U.S. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (1987–2008) and 13 state/regional cancer registries. The analysis included 175,732 solid organ transplants, with kidney, liver, heart, and lung being the most common types. The overall cancer risk was elevated compared to the general population, with a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 2.10 and an excess absolute risk (EAR) of 719.3 per 100,000 person-years. The most common malignancies with elevated risk were non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), lung cancer, liver cancer, and kidney cancer. NHL was the most prevalent malignancy, and the risk was highest among young recipients, particularly those transplanted for lung, liver, and kidney. Lung cancer risk was most elevated among lung recipients, while liver cancer risk was highest among liver recipients, with a particularly high incidence in the first 6 months post-transplant. Kidney cancer risk was highest among kidney recipients but also elevated among liver and heart recipients. The study highlights the broad spectrum of cancer risk among transplant recipients and suggests that chronic immunosuppression and other factors may contribute to the development of various cancers.This study, conducted by researchers from the National Cancer Institute and other institutions, aimed to describe the overall pattern of cancer among solid organ transplant recipients in the U.S. The study used linked data from the U.S. Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (1987–2008) and 13 state/regional cancer registries. The analysis included 175,732 solid organ transplants, with kidney, liver, heart, and lung being the most common types. The overall cancer risk was elevated compared to the general population, with a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 2.10 and an excess absolute risk (EAR) of 719.3 per 100,000 person-years. The most common malignancies with elevated risk were non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), lung cancer, liver cancer, and kidney cancer. NHL was the most prevalent malignancy, and the risk was highest among young recipients, particularly those transplanted for lung, liver, and kidney. Lung cancer risk was most elevated among lung recipients, while liver cancer risk was highest among liver recipients, with a particularly high incidence in the first 6 months post-transplant. Kidney cancer risk was highest among kidney recipients but also elevated among liver and heart recipients. The study highlights the broad spectrum of cancer risk among transplant recipients and suggests that chronic immunosuppression and other factors may contribute to the development of various cancers.