Speeding Up Distributed Machine Learning Using Codes

Speeding Up Distributed Machine Learning Using Codes

29 Jan 2018 | Kangwook Lee, Maximilian Lam, Ramtin Pedarsani, Dimitris Papailiopoulos, and Kannan Ramchandran, Fellow, IEEE
This paper explores how coding theory can be applied to accelerate distributed machine learning algorithms by addressing key challenges such as straggler nodes, communication bottlenecks, and system failures. The authors focus on two fundamental operations in distributed learning: matrix multiplication and data shuffling. For matrix multiplication, they use erasure codes to mitigate the impact of stragglers, achieving a speedup of $ \log n $ times compared to uncoded methods. For data shuffling, they exploit storage redundancy to reduce communication costs, achieving a reduction factor of $ (\alpha + \frac{1}{n})\gamma(n) $, where $ \gamma(n) $ represents the cost ratio between unicasting and multicasting messages. The paper introduces two main contributions: (1) a coded matrix multiplication algorithm that uses erasure codes to ensure robustness against stragglers, and (2) a coded shuffling algorithm that leverages storage redundancy to reduce communication overhead. The authors also provide theoretical analysis and experimental results showing that these coded algorithms outperform traditional methods in terms of speed and efficiency. The paper discusses the broader implications of coding theory in distributed systems, highlighting how it can be integrated into algorithm design to improve performance without requiring significant changes to the system architecture. It also compares coded computation with replication-based approaches, showing that coding can offer significant advantages in terms of both speed and resource utilization. The authors conclude that coding theory provides a powerful tool for optimizing distributed machine learning algorithms, particularly in scenarios where communication and computation bottlenecks are significant.This paper explores how coding theory can be applied to accelerate distributed machine learning algorithms by addressing key challenges such as straggler nodes, communication bottlenecks, and system failures. The authors focus on two fundamental operations in distributed learning: matrix multiplication and data shuffling. For matrix multiplication, they use erasure codes to mitigate the impact of stragglers, achieving a speedup of $ \log n $ times compared to uncoded methods. For data shuffling, they exploit storage redundancy to reduce communication costs, achieving a reduction factor of $ (\alpha + \frac{1}{n})\gamma(n) $, where $ \gamma(n) $ represents the cost ratio between unicasting and multicasting messages. The paper introduces two main contributions: (1) a coded matrix multiplication algorithm that uses erasure codes to ensure robustness against stragglers, and (2) a coded shuffling algorithm that leverages storage redundancy to reduce communication overhead. The authors also provide theoretical analysis and experimental results showing that these coded algorithms outperform traditional methods in terms of speed and efficiency. The paper discusses the broader implications of coding theory in distributed systems, highlighting how it can be integrated into algorithm design to improve performance without requiring significant changes to the system architecture. It also compares coded computation with replication-based approaches, showing that coding can offer significant advantages in terms of both speed and resource utilization. The authors conclude that coding theory provides a powerful tool for optimizing distributed machine learning algorithms, particularly in scenarios where communication and computation bottlenecks are significant.
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