This review article explores the cellular biological mechanisms underlying sperm freezing damage, focusing on the role of regulated cell death (RCD) and accidental cell death (ACD). The main types of cell death in sperm freezing damage are apoptosis and ferroptosis, which are induced by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, caused by the imbalance of intracellular oxidation-reduction reactions, is a significant factor in sperm freezing damage. The article discusses the mechanisms of lipid peroxidation-induced apoptosis and the role of ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. It also examines other types of RCD, such as necroptosis, cuproptosis, and autophagy-dependent cell death (ACCD), and their potential involvement in sperm freezing damage. The review highlights the interconnectedness of different RCDs and the importance of understanding their crosstalk to improve the quality of thawed semen. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop effective strategies to reduce sperm freezing damage.This review article explores the cellular biological mechanisms underlying sperm freezing damage, focusing on the role of regulated cell death (RCD) and accidental cell death (ACD). The main types of cell death in sperm freezing damage are apoptosis and ferroptosis, which are induced by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, caused by the imbalance of intracellular oxidation-reduction reactions, is a significant factor in sperm freezing damage. The article discusses the mechanisms of lipid peroxidation-induced apoptosis and the role of ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. It also examines other types of RCD, such as necroptosis, cuproptosis, and autophagy-dependent cell death (ACCD), and their potential involvement in sperm freezing damage. The review highlights the interconnectedness of different RCDs and the importance of understanding their crosstalk to improve the quality of thawed semen. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop effective strategies to reduce sperm freezing damage.