Spin qubits in graphene quantum dots

Spin qubits in graphene quantum dots

January 2007 | Björn Trauzettel, Denis V. Bulaev, Daniel Loss, and Guido Burkard
This paper presents a method for creating spin qubits in graphene quantum dots, leveraging the unique properties of graphene to overcome the challenges of spin decoherence in traditional semiconductor-based qubits. Spin qubits are promising for quantum computing due to their long coherence times and potential for scalability. However, in semiconductor quantum dots, spin decoherence is caused by spin-orbit coupling and hyperfine interactions with nuclear spins. Graphene, with its weak spin-orbit coupling and absence of the hyperfine interaction due to its predominantly $^{12}C$ isotope, offers a more favorable environment for spin qubits. The authors demonstrate that spin qubits can be formed in graphene quantum dots with armchair boundaries, where the valley degeneracy is lifted. This allows for Heisenberg exchange coupling between spins in tunnel-coupled dots, enabling the realization of two-qubit gates. The unique property of graphene, the Klein paradox, allows for long-range spin coupling, which is crucial for scalable quantum computing. The paper discusses the formation of quantum dots in graphene ribbons with semiconducting armchair edges, which enables the confinement of electrons and the creation of bound states. The energy levels of these states are determined by the boundary conditions and the applied gate voltages. The authors show that the valley degeneracy is lifted in such structures, making them suitable for spin qubit applications. The paper also addresses the challenges of creating tunable quantum dots in graphene, such as the absence of a band gap and the difficulty of confining electrons. The authors propose solutions, including the use of suitable transverse states in graphene ribbons and the combination of single and bilayer regions. They show that the proposed setup can overcome these challenges and enable the formation of spin qubits with long-distance coupling. The paper concludes that graphene-based spin qubits offer a promising platform for fault-tolerant quantum computing due to their low error rates and the possibility of long-range coupling. The unique properties of graphene, such as its small and symmetric band gap, make it an ideal candidate for scalable quantum computing. The authors also highlight the importance of non-local interactions in quantum error correction, which is crucial for fault-tolerant quantum computing.This paper presents a method for creating spin qubits in graphene quantum dots, leveraging the unique properties of graphene to overcome the challenges of spin decoherence in traditional semiconductor-based qubits. Spin qubits are promising for quantum computing due to their long coherence times and potential for scalability. However, in semiconductor quantum dots, spin decoherence is caused by spin-orbit coupling and hyperfine interactions with nuclear spins. Graphene, with its weak spin-orbit coupling and absence of the hyperfine interaction due to its predominantly $^{12}C$ isotope, offers a more favorable environment for spin qubits. The authors demonstrate that spin qubits can be formed in graphene quantum dots with armchair boundaries, where the valley degeneracy is lifted. This allows for Heisenberg exchange coupling between spins in tunnel-coupled dots, enabling the realization of two-qubit gates. The unique property of graphene, the Klein paradox, allows for long-range spin coupling, which is crucial for scalable quantum computing. The paper discusses the formation of quantum dots in graphene ribbons with semiconducting armchair edges, which enables the confinement of electrons and the creation of bound states. The energy levels of these states are determined by the boundary conditions and the applied gate voltages. The authors show that the valley degeneracy is lifted in such structures, making them suitable for spin qubit applications. The paper also addresses the challenges of creating tunable quantum dots in graphene, such as the absence of a band gap and the difficulty of confining electrons. The authors propose solutions, including the use of suitable transverse states in graphene ribbons and the combination of single and bilayer regions. They show that the proposed setup can overcome these challenges and enable the formation of spin qubits with long-distance coupling. The paper concludes that graphene-based spin qubits offer a promising platform for fault-tolerant quantum computing due to their low error rates and the possibility of long-range coupling. The unique properties of graphene, such as its small and symmetric band gap, make it an ideal candidate for scalable quantum computing. The authors also highlight the importance of non-local interactions in quantum error correction, which is crucial for fault-tolerant quantum computing.
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